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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What Greek philosopher coined the word "atom"?
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Democritus
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Atom, comes from the Greek word "atomos" meaning _____.
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Indivisible
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Who came up with the Law of Conservation of Matter?
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Antoine Lavoisier
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Who came up with the Law of Constant Composition/ Law of Definite Proportion?
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Joseph Proust
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John Dalton came up with his version of the ______?
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Atomic Theory
(John Dalton's Atomic Theory) |
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In John Dalton's Atomic Theory:
All matter is made up of _____, which are indivisible. |
Atoms
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In John Dalton's Atomic Theory:
All atoms of the same element are _____, but differ from those of other elements. |
Identical
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In John Dalton's Atomic Theory:
Atoms are neither _____ nor ________ in any chemical reaction. |
Created/ Destroyed
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In John Dalton's Atomic Theory:
A given compound _____ has the same relative numbers/ kinds of ______. |
Always/ atoms
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In John Dalton's Atomic Theory:
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-All matter is made up of atoms
-All atoms of the same element are identical -Atoms are neither created nor destroyed -A given compound always has the same relative numbers/kinds of atoms |
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In Dalton's model of the atom...
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It had no protons, neutrons, or electrons.
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Ben Franklin: studied static electricity; objects could have _____ or _____ charges.
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Positive/ Negative
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The word electricity comes from elektron. (Greek word for_____)
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Amber
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Static electricity is...
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Charge in motion
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Opposite charges ____
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Attract
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Like charges ______
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Repel
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Crookes studied
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Behavior of gasses in a vacuum tube.
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In a vacuume tube, air is _________ and high voltage is applied to its electrodes. A yellow-green fluorescent light appears.
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Pumped out
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_______ placed an object in the path of the light in a vacuum tube and a ______ of the object appeared.
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Crookes/shadow
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The shadows produced from blocking the path of light in a vacuume tube are called...
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Cathode Rays
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Who is credited with finding Cathode Rays?
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Crookes
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What is the vacuume tube that creates Cathode Rays called?
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A Crookes' Tube
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J.J. Thomson is credited with making the ________ model of an atom.
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Plum Pudding
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Thomson discovered ______.
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Electrons
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Thomson used a magnet in the CRT to deflect the rays away from the negative pole of the magnet. No deflection w/out magnet, so the rays must be
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Negative
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When Thomson used a magnet in the CRT to deflect rays, he used other gasses which also resulted in the rays being negative, so the characteristic is to _____ elements.
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All
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JJ Thomson said electrons are disctributed like ______ in _______.
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Plums/pudding
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In JJ Thomson's plum pudding model, he knew there were _______ charges, but he couldn't prove it.
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Positive
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Who is Millikan?
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He measured the charge on an electron. Then calculated the mass of an electron.
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What is the charge on an electron?
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1.60 x 10 (-19) coulombs
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After Millikan found the charge of an electron, he used a ________ ratio to find the mass of an electron.
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charge/mass
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Neutrons were discovered by
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James Chadwick
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Who accidently discovered uranium exhibits radioactivity?
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Henri Beckerel
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Who isolated radium and polonium which are both radioactive?
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Marie and Pierre Curie
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What are the 3 types of radiation?
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Alpha, Beta, and Gamma
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Rutherford discovered what?
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The positively charged nucleus.
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What experiment is Rutherford famous for?
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Gold-Foil Experiment
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Rutherford concluded that the _____ is the most dense part of the atom.
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Nucleus
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Rutherford concluded that the ____ was mostly empty space.
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Atom
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In Rutherford's experiment, some of the particles were deflected backwards and the result was that the nucleus is positive; ______ was discovered because of this?
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Protons
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Who's model of the atom had electrons on the outside, a large empty space within, and a nucleus with protons and neutrons?
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Rutherford
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In Rutherford's experiment, he shot positive ________ through gold foil.
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Alpha Particles
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Atoms consist of what 3 subatomic particles?
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Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
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Atoms are not permanantly changed during chemical reactions, merely ______.
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Rearranged
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Atoms can be changed to other _____, but not by ordinary chemical reactions. (Nuclear)
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Elements
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______ of the same element are not all alike. (Isotopes)
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Atoms
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An atom's identity comes from the number of _____ in its nucleus.
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Protons
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Atomic number is defined as the number of _____ (which is also the number of electrons) in an atom's nucleus.
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Protons
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Atoms are electrically ____.
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Neutral
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Electrons are ______ charged.
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Negatively
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Protons are ______ charged.
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Positively
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Neutrons have a ________ charge.
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Neutral
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Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons are ________.
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Isotopes
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The total number of protons and neutrons of an isotope is the
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Mass Number
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Hyphen Notation- the ______ is added with a hyphen to the name of the element.
Carbon-12 |
Mass Number
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An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons is an
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Ion
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An ion may have a positive/negative _____.
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Charge
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_____ are positively charged because they lose electrons.
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Cations
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______ are negatively charged because they gain electrons.
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Anions
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The mass of a neutral atom is measured in
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Atomic Mass Units (AMU)
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All of the elements have their masses compared to a _____. ______ is the standard of comparison.
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Standard/ Carbon-12
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The mass of the Carbon-12 atom is ______ amu.
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12
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Average atomic mass is the ______ of the atomic masses of the naturally occuring _____ of an element.
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Weighted average/isotopes
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Averagge atomic mass depends on both the mass and the _________ of each isotope.
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Percent Abundance
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