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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society.
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absolute monarch
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to cancel or put an end to.
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annul
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a deadly disease that spreads across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people.
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bubonic plague
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a medieval town dweller.
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burgher
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a group of advisors or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions.
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cabinet
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the body of laws governing the religious practices of a christian church.
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cannon law
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a 16th century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to reform itself in response to the Protestant Reformation
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Catholic Reformation/ Counter Reformation
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a code of behavior for knights in the medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion.
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chivalry
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a body of officials who perform religious services- such as priests, ministers, or rabbis
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clergy
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a monarchy in which the ruler's power is limited by the law
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constitutional monarchy
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one of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from the Muslims
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crusades
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a Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private arm of samurai
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Daimyo
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the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to
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divine right
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a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their kind, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
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feudalism
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an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe
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fief
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relating to a style of church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires
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gothic
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a division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church , during which rival popes were established in Avignon and in Rome
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Great Schism
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a document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal
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habeas corpus
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a pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims
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hajj
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religious beliefs or opinions that differ from the official teachings of a Christian church
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heresy
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an empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy
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Holy Roman Empire
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a Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
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humanism
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a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin
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indugence
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a Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy- especially the one active in Spain during the 1400
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inquisition
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a French government official appointed by the monarch to collect taxes and administer justice
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intendant
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in medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback
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knight
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the appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles
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lay investiture
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in feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals
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lord
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"Great Charter"-a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, drawn up by nobles and approved by King John in A.D. 1215
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Magna Carta
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a lord's estate in feudal Europe
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manor
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a religious community of men (called monks) who have given up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship
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monastery
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an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold wealth
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mercantilism
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the era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500-also called the medieval period
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Middle Ages
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a body of representatives that makes laws for a nation
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parliament
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a principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity
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patriarch
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a person who supports artists, especially financially
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patron
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an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface
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perspective
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the bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church
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pope
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the doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand including which people will be eternally saved
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predestination
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a machine for reproducing written material by pressing paper against arrangements of inked type
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printing press
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a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation
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Protestant
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the effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492
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Reconquista
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a 16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority
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Reformation
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a period of European history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world
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Renaissance
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the period of Charles II's rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government
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Restoration
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one of the Christian ceremonies in which God's grace is transmitted to people
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sacrament
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one of the professional warriors who served Japanese feudal lords
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Samurai
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a split or division- especially a formal split within a Christian church
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schism
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scholars who gathered and taught at medieval European universities
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scholastics
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concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
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secular
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a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate
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serf
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in feudal Japan, a supreme military commander who ruled in the name of the emperor
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shogun
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the selling or buying of a position in a Christian church
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simony
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a philosophy based on the idea that nothing can be known for certain
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skepticism
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a government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure; a government controlled by religious leaders
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theocracy
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a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farmland was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted
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three field system
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a family's payment of one-tenth of its income to a church
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tithe
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a mock battle between group of knights
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tournament
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a medieval poet and musician who traveled from place to place, entertaining people with songs of courtly love
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troubadour
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in feudal Europe, a person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services
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vassal
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the everyday language of people in a region or country
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vernacular
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an adoption of the social , political, or economic institution of Western-especially European of American-countries
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westernization
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social ranking
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status
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a term for Mary, the mother of Jesus; it comes from a former Italian title for women, meaning "my lady"
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Madonna
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settlements in England that were granted some self-government
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borough
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landowning nobles of Russia
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boyars
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a rare metallic chemical element of high economic value
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bullion
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whenever any one or more species populates a new area
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colonization
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an Islamic shrine and a major landmark located on the Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem
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Dome of the Rock
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to be a muslim, all believers have to carry out five duties known as: faith, prayer ,alms, fasting, and pilgrimage
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Five Pillars
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an association of craftsmen in a particular trade
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guild
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a person who expresses or acts on opinions considered to be heresy[ going against the Christian Church]
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heretic
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the geographical region of the Levant called Land of Canaan or Land of Israel in the Bible, and constitutes the Promised land
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Holy Land
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the moral stance, political philosophy, or social outlook that stresses independence and self-reliance
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individualism
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traditionally young male servant
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page
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office of the pope
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papacy
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an agricultural worker who subsists by working a small plot of ground
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peasant
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title of certain religious leaders, now used principally to refer to leaders such as the Pope of the Catholic Church and of the Coptic Orthodox Church
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pontiff
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groups or individuals that innocently bear the blame for others
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scapegoat
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a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by attrition and/or assault
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siege
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organizing principle of rural economy and society widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe
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manorialism
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a man-at-arms in the service of a knight, often as his apprentice
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squire
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a one-tenth part of something, paid as a (usually) voluntary contribution or as a tax or levy, usually to support a Christian religious organization
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tithe
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that a person is tolerant of other cultures and lifestyles no matter how different they are
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well-roundedness
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