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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functional group |
The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions |
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Homologous series |
A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive number different by CH2 |
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Nomenclature |
A system of naming compounds |
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General formula |
The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series e.g the general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2 |
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Structural formula |
The formula showing the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule |
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Skeletal formula |
A simplified organic formula with H atoms removed from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups |
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Structural isomer |
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae |
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Sterioisomerism |
Arrangement of compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space |
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Saturated hydrocarbons |
Hydrocarbons with only single bonds |
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Unsaturated hydrocarbons |
Hydrocarbons with a multiple carbon to carbon Bond |
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Homolytic fission |
The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals |
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Heterolytic fission |
The breaking of a covalent bond forming a cation (positive ion) and an anion (negative ion) |
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Nucleophile |
An atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron deficient carbon atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form new covalent bond |
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Electrophile |
An atom / group of atoms that is attracted to an electron rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons |
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Free radical |
Unstable molecules that can damage the cells in your body. Formed when atoms /molecules gain or lose electrons |
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Pie bond |
A bond formed by the sideways overlap of two p orbitals containing two electrons and with electron density concentrated above and below line joining nuclei of bonding atoms |
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Sigma bond |
The bond formed by the overlap of orbitals from each bonding atom, consisting of two electrons and with electron density centred around line directly between the nuclei of atoms |
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Addition polymerisation |
Formation of a very long molecular chain (addition polymer) by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers) |
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Homologous series |
Series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2 |
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Functional group |
The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions |
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Alkyl |
A side-chain formed by removing a H atom removed from an alkane parent chain. Any alkyl group is often shown as 'R'. |
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Aliphatic |
Containing C atoms joined together in unbranched (straight) or branched chains (no benzene rings) |
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Alicyclic |
Containing carbon atoms join together in a ring that is not aromatic |
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Aromatic |
Containing one of more benzene rings |
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Saturated |
Containing single bonds only |
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Unsaturated |
Containing multiple carbon-carbon bond |
