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181 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Anterior Pituitary (hormones are made within the gland) |
Located in the Brain - "FLAT PiG" - Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH-ovaries) - Luteinizing Hormone (LH-corpus luteum) - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTCH-adrenal cortex) - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH-thyroid) - Prolactin (lactation) - Growth Hormone/Somatotropin (growth) |
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Posterior Pituitary |
Located in the Brain - Antidiuretic Hormone / Vasopressin (decrease water in urine) - Oxytocin (bonding, feel good) |
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Thyroid |
Located in the Neck - Thyroxine (T3/T4) (Supports metabolic rate, stimulated by TSH) |
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Parathyroid |
Located in the Thyroid, Neck - Parathyroid Hormone (increases blood calcium levels) |
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Adrenal Cortex (outer) |
Located on top of the Kidneys - "ACT" - Aldosterone (water re-absorption) - Cortisol (stress - stimulated by ACTH) - Sex Hormones (Testosterone) |
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Adrenal Medulla (inner) |
Located on top of the Kidneys - Epinephrine (adrenaline) - Norepinephrine (non-adrenaline) |
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Pancreatic Islets |
"Islands" within the Pancreas - Insulin (lowers blood sugar levels) - Glucagon (raises blood sugar levels) "Glucose gone, need sugar" |
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Pineal |
Located in the Brain - Melatonin (supports circadian rhythms) |
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Thymus |
Located behind the Sternum - Thymosin (development of T-cells) |
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Testes |
Located in the Scrotal Sack - Testosterone (male development - stimulated by FSH/LH) |
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Ovaries |
Located in the Lower Abdomen - Estrogens (female development, stimulated by FSH/LH) - Progesterone (pro-gestation, supports pregnancy, stimulated by FSH/LH) |
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endocrino- |
Endocrine glands or system |
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Endocrinopathy |
Any disease or disorder of the endocrine system |
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Pituitar- |
Pituitary gland |
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Pituitarism |
Condition caused by pituitary disorder |
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Hypophys- |
Pituitary gland |
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Thyro- |
Thyroid |
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Thyrolytic |
Destroys the thyroid (when hyper) |
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Parathyro- |
Parathyroid |
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Hyperparathyroidism |
Over activity of the thyroid |
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Adreno- |
Adrenal gland or epinephrine |
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Adrenergic |
Activated by or related to epinephrine |
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Adrenocortico- |
Adrenal cortex |
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Adrenocorticotropic |
Acts on or stimulates adrenal cortex |
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Insulo- |
Pancreatic islets |
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Insular |
Pertaining to the islet cells |
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Endocrine |
Pertaining to hormonal system and its' glands |
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Hormone |
Secretion of an endocrine gland that travels in the blood and changes physiology |
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Receptor |
Site on (or within) a cell membrane to which a substance (hormones) acts upon and creates response |
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Steroid hormone |
Hormone made from cholesterol made by the adrenal cortex |
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Target tissue |
Specific tissue that a hormone acts upon |
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Hyophysial |
Pertaining to the pituitary |
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2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system |
Sympathetic - fight or flight Parasympathetic - rest & digest |
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Hemiplegia |
Paralysis of one side of the body |
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Paraplegia |
Paralysis of lower half of body |
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White matter |
Due to myelinated neurons |
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Grey matter |
Concentration of neuronal cell bodies, non-myelinated |
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Pyelonephritis |
Kidney inflammation |
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Glomerulonephritis |
Inflammation of the glomeruli (primary location where blood is filtered by the kidneys) |
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Neuron |
Basic unit of the nervous system, essentially a nerve |
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Nephrons |
Functional sub-unit of the Kidneys - reabsorbs fluids and concentrates the blood |
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Alveoli |
Tiny air sacks in the lungs where gas exchange occurs - oxygen in, CO2 out |
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Gametes |
Mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism |
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Dysmenorrhea |
Painful menstrual flow |
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Oligomenorrhea |
Scanty menstrual flow |
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Menorrhagia |
Excessive menstrual bleeding during a normal menstrual cycle |
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Metrorrhagia |
Excessive menstrual bleeding in between normal cycle |
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Estrogen |
Primary female sex hormone (estrogen, estradiol, estriol) |
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Progesterone |
Hormone for gestation. Produced by the corpus luteum and placenta. Maintains the endometrium for pregnancy. Remains at high level during pregnancy. |
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Testosterone |
Primary sex hormone for males. Precursor for estrogen.
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Transgender |
Those whose sense of gender identity and/or gender expression differs from social expectations for the physical sex they were born with
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Genderqueer (or Non-binary gender) |
Those who redefine or play with gender or refuse sex binaries or gender all together |
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Transexual |
Out-dated term |
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Transgender man |
Assigned female at birth - identifies male, often preferring "he" or "him" as pronouns |
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Transgender female |
Assigned male at birth, identifies female, often preferring "she" or "her" pronouns |
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Sexual orientation |
An individual's sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted |
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Intersex |
People who are born with physical features that are uncommon e.g. micro-penis, one ovary, enlarged clitoris, etc. |
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Gender Identity |
The gender that one sees oneself as, refusing to label oneself as a specific gender |
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Arrhythmia |
Irregular heart beat |
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Bradycardia |
Slow heartbeat (less than 60 BPM) |
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Tachycardia |
Fast heart beat (greater than 100 BPM) |
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Thrombus |
Blood clot |
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Embolus |
Mass carried in blood circulation |
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Embolism |
An obstruction of a vessel by blood clot or other matter that has moved through circulation |
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Thrombosis |
Development of blood clots within a blood vessel |
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Arteriosclerosis |
Hardening of the arteries |
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Atherosclerosis |
Deposition of fatty plaques in the walls of the arteries |
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Pneumothorax |
Presence of air in the thorax |
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Hemothorax |
Presence of blood in the lungs |
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Empyema |
Presence of pus in the lungs, can lead to partial lung collapse |
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Cyanosis |
Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by hypoxia (decrease in oxygen levels) |
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Erythema |
Superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries. |
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Tendon |
Attaches muscle to bone |
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Ligament |
Attaches bone to bone |
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Endoscopy |
Use of fiberoptic endoscope for direct visual examination of upper GI (esophagus to duodenum) |
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Colonoscopy |
Use of fiberoptic colonoscope for direct examination of the lower GI (colon, rectum) |
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Pronation |
Turning downward |
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Supination |
Turning upward |
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Eversion |
Turning outward |
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Inversion |
Turning inward |
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ABduction |
Movement away from the midline |
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ADduction |
Movement toward the midline |
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Anterior |
Towards front of the body |
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Ventral |
Towards front of the body (belly) |
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Posterior |
Towards back of the body |
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Dorsal |
Towards the back of the body |
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Superior |
Above or higher |
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Cranial |
Towards the head |
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Cephalad |
Towards the head |
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Inferior |
Below or lower |
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Caudal |
Towards end of spine or tail, in the inferior direction |
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RUQ |
Right Upper Quadrant |
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LUQ |
Left Upper Quadrant |
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RLQ |
Right Lower Quadrant |
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LLQ |
Left Lower Quadrant |
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Hyper- |
Excess or above |
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Hypo- |
Beneath or below |
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Oligo- |
Few or scanty |
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Pan- |
All over or everything |
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Super- |
Above or over |
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Anatomic position |
Erect position of body with face directed forward, arms at side, and palms facing forward |
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Plantarflexion |
Movement of foot in which the foot or toes flex downward toward the sole |
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Dorsiflexion |
Backward flexion (bending) of the hand or foot |
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Nevus |
Mole or birthmark |
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Keloid |
Raised or thickened scar tissue while scar is forming |
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Bacteremia |
Bacteria in the blood |
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Sepsis |
Caused by bacteremia |
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Aphasia |
Difficulty finding words (neurological) |
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Dysphonia |
Difficulty speaking (mechanical) |
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Dysphagia |
Difficulty swallowing |
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-megaly |
Suffix denoting enlargement of a (specified) body part: cardiomegaly, dactylomegaly, gastromegaly |
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Mega- |
Prefix that means abnormally large e.g. megacolon |
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Hepato- |
Liver |
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Spleno- |
Spleen |
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Renal- |
Kidney |
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Pulmono- |
Lung |
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Cardia- |
Heart |
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Chole- |
Gall Bladder |
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Cysto- |
Urinary Bladder |
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Gastro- |
Stomach |
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Brady- |
Too slow |
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Tachy- |
Too fast |
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Pruritis |
Severe itching of the skin |
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Gyri |
Elevated portions of the brain |
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Sulci |
Shallow troughs of the brain |
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Murmur |
Abnormal heart sounds (valve regurgitation) |
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Sphygmomanometer |
Instrument for measuring blood pressure |
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Auscultation |
Action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope |
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Stethoscope |
Instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing |
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Atrophy |
Waste away, typically due to the degeneration of cells |
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Hemoglobin |
The oxygen-carrying pigment and predominant protein in the red blood cells |
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Emetics |
Medicine or other substance that causes vomiting |
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Small Intestine structures |
"Dow Jones Industrial" - Duodenum - Jejenum - Ileum
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Cecum |
Opening of the Large Intestine |
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Colon |
Largest part of the Large Intestine |
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Sigmoid |
S-shaped portion of the Colon |
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Rectum |
Distal portion of the Large Intestine that stores feces until defecation |
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Anus |
Distal opening of the digestive tract |
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Patellar |
Knee cap |
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Popliteal |
Behind the knee |
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Axillary |
Armpit |
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Inguinal |
Of the groin |
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SOAP |
Subjective Objective Assessment & Plan |
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CC |
Chief Complaint |
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Hx |
History |
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Rx |
Prescription |
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Sx |
Symptom |
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Tx |
Treatment |
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Dx |
Diagnosis |
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PO |
Per Orum, by mouth
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QD |
Once Daily (Quaque Die) |
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QID |
Four Times Daily (Quartre In Die) |
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BID |
Twice per day (Bis In Die) |
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TID |
Three times a day (Ter In Die) |
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R/O |
Rule out (a need to rule out, keep an eye on) |
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g |
Grams |
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y/o |
Years Old |
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WNL |
Within Normal Limits |
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ADL |
Activities of Daily Living |
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BP |
Blood Pressure |
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HTN |
Hypertension |
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NKDA |
No Known Drug Allergies |
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Lymphedema |
Condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system |
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Lith- |
Root that indicates a stone Cholelithiasis (Gall stones) Renal Lithiasis, Nephrolithiasis (Kidney stones) |
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Quadriplegia |
Paralysis of all 4 limbs |
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Ventricles (nervous system) |
Small cavities in the brain in which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed |
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Hypothalmus |
Below the thalmus, controls the pituitary gland |
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Meninges |
3 membranes that cover brain and spinal cord - "PAD" Pia Mater (most inner) Arachnoid Mater Dura mater (strongest) |
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Pharynx |
Swallows food via reflex action |
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Esophagus |
Moves food into the stomach via peristalsis (muscle waves to move things along) |
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Pancreas |
Makes many digestive enzymes |
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Phrenic nerve |
Nerve that activates the diaphragm |
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Epiglottis |
Prevents breathing in of food - cartilage that covers the larynx |
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Bulborethral (Cowper) Gland |
Secretes lubrication substance for the urethra |
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Myocardium |
Heart muscle |
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Atria |
Upper chambers of the Heart |
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Ventricles (Heart) |
Lower chambers of the Heart |
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Vena cava |
Largest veins connecting to the right atria |
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Artery |
Carries blood away from the heart (arteriole - small arteries) |
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Vein |
Carries blood to the Heart (venule - small veins)
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Integumentary |
Pertaining to the skin, glands, hair and nails |