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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Alcohol facts |
78.0% of Canadians consume alcohol Beer is most popular Moderate consumption, associated with heart health 10% report harm, due to drinking 32.7% harmed by someone else’s drinking Cost of alcohol abuse: $14.6 billion (2002) |
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Alcohol and the Post-Secondary Student |
Most used, misused, abused recreational drug 90% of students consume alcohol Binge drinking (single sitting):5 drinks for men, 4 for women Other consumption: alcohol enemas, vodka tampons |
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Alcohol Rights vs. Responsibilities |
Many refuse to acknowledge a “drug” Society condones consumptioninforms people about drinking responsibly Often, students’ words, actions (incongruent)especially if excess consumption is the norm Drinking guidelines (per week) Men: maximum 14 standard-sized drinks - 30% report they exceed the guidelines Women: maximum 9 standard-sized drinks 15% report they exceed the guidelines Maximum 2-3 drinks per day (women, men) |
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The Production of Alcohol |
Ethyl alcohol or ethanol Fermentation Distillation Proof: measure of the percent alcohol |
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Physiological &Behaviour Effects of Alcohol: Behavioural Effects |
¤Effectsvary with setting and individual ¤BloodAlcohol Concentration (BAC) ratio:alcohol to total blood volume ¤Somecan develop learned behaviouraltolerance modifybehaviour;appear sober, with high BAC |
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Physiological &BehaviourEffects of Alcohol: Absorptionand Metabolism |
Factors that influence absorption: 1. Amount consumed in a given time 2. Size, sex, body build, and metabolism 3. Type and amount of food in stomach 4. Mood ¤Womenand Alcohol - Higherpercent body fat increases BAC - Lessenzymes to break down alcohol ¤Breathalyzerand Other Tests |
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Physiological &BehaviourEffects of Alcohol: ImmediateEffects |
Centralnervous system depressant, diuretic Waterpulled from cerebrospinal fluid = dehydration Irritantto gastrointestinal system Hangover(caused by congeners) ¤Druginteractions (prescription or other drugs) |
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Physiological &BehaviourEffects of Alcohol: ¨Long-TermEffects |
¤Effectson the Nervous System ¤CardiovascularEffects ¤LiverDisease - cirrhosis,hepatitis ¤Cancerand Other Effects - inflammationof pancreas, decreased nutrient absorption |
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Physiological &Behaviour Effects of Alcohol : Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) |
¤Alcohol during pregnancy: developmental, cognitive disabilities - fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) - fetal alcohol effects (FAE)
¤FASD leading cause of developmental delay - 1-6,every thousand births |
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Physiological &BehaviourEffects of Alcohol: Drinking and Driving |
¤Impaired driving: major cause of death
¤About 1,350 Canadians killed, annually
¤Injures many more |
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Alcoholism : Alcohol abuse (alcoholism) |
¤Interferes:work, school, relations; violates law - 6.2%binge drinking, 1+ times per week - Men,ages 20-35, most likely to binge Mostcommon areas affected ¤Physical,financial, and social health |
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Alcoholism: How, Why, Whom? |
¤Addiction:tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal ¤Usuallyfrom chronic use, over time ¤Amongpeople, all walks of life ¤10%chance of addiction to alcohol ¤Women:fastest-growing group addicted |
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Alcoholism: the causes of Alcoholism |
¤Biologicand Family Factors - type1 alcoholics - type2 alcoholics ¤Socialand Cultural Factors - peerpressure, emotional or social problems familyattitudes, social factors (e.g. urbanization) |
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Alcoholism: Recognizing Your Personal Risk |
- Neededto cut down on drinking? - Annoyedby criticism of your drinking? - Feltguilty about your drinking? - Feltneed to drink in the morning? - ‘yes’ to 2+ questions, may havealcohol disorder |
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Alcoholism: Effects of alcoholism on the family |
¤Dysfunctionalfamilies ¤Childrenassume 1+ of the following roles: familyhero scapegoat lostchild mascot |
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Alcoholism: Costs to Society |
¤Over$20 billion in sales (2011) ¤Employs> 14,000 people ¤AverageCanadian spends $712.40 annually Approx.$60.00/month |
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Alcoholism: Women and Alcoholism |
¤More women are drinking - Almostas many alcoholics as men
¤Alcoholism:starts later, progresses more quickly
¤Receiveless support for treatment, recovery More likely prescribed mood-altering drugs |
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Alcoholism - Recovery |
The Family’s Role ¤Intervention:planned confrontation family/friends express their concerns
Treatment Programs ¤Residential,outpatient, detox, crisis centres ¤Various withdrawal symptoms: - convulsions, agitation, depression, seizures, delirium tremens - withdrawal, very difficult and medically risky
TreatmentPrograms (2) ¤Family,Individual, and Group Therapy ¤OtherTypes of Treatment - drug and aversion therapy; Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) ¤Brief Interventions (i.e. less than 5 minutes)
Relapse ¤60% rate of relapse in first 3 months
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Smoking Facts |
¤2020,tobacco to kill the most people ¤Canadians smoking less since 1966 ¤Number one preventable cause of death ¤Kills 5x more than: - car accidents, murder, suicide, alcohol - 17% of all deaths |
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Smoking - Tobacco and Its Effects |
¤Cigarettes,cigars, pipes, snuff, chewing tobacco ¤Smoking:most common form of tobacco nicotineplus 5,000 chemicals chemicalscondense on lungs, form tar carbonmonoxide: 800x higher than safe levels ¤PhysiologicalEffects of Nicotine - stimulatescentral nervous system, adrenal glands - increasesheart rate, respiratory rate - constrictsblood vessels = increased blood pressure - reducesappetite |
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Smoking – A Learned Behaviour |
¤Perception:smoking is a normal behaviour ¤Trying-to-smokingevery day: 2-3 years ¤85%start before age of 16 ¤Tobaccopromotions - aimedat youth, especially young women - perception:desirable, socially acceptable, healthy, sexy |
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Smoking - Smokeless Tobacco |
Addictive as cigarettes: more nicotine (cigarettes)
Leukoplakia: leathery, white patches inside mouth
Impairs smell, taste; leads to overeating
Dental problems: receding gums, tooth decay, discoloured teeth |
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Environmental Tobacco Smoke |
¤Two types: mainstream and second hand smoke ¤Passive smokers: from someone else’s smoking - Lungcancer and heart disease ¤Children: greater risk of respiratory problems ¤Smoking illegal in many public places |
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Smoking -quitting |
Breaking the Nicotine Addiction - One of the toughest addictions - Irritability,restlessness, intense cravings for tobacco
¤Nicotine replacement products: - Patch and chewing gum
Breaking the Habit - Antismoking therapy such as aversion therapy
Benefits of Quitting - Body repairs immediately: more energy, better sleep - After 1 year, risk for lung cancer, stroke decrease - After 10 years, live normal life span |
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Caffeine |
Mostwidely consumed drug in Canada ¤Average:210-238 mg per day ¤Caffeinelevels vary with product Effects:insomnia, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, nausea, indigestion |
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CaffeineAddiction |
To avoid let down, drink more - develop dependency (caffeinism) - Coffee withdrawal may cause severe headaches |
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Caffeine - Energy drinks: |
- powerful stimulants - available in variety of sizes - various levels of caffeine, sugar, calories |
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Caffeine - The Health Consequences of Long-Term Caffeine Use |
¤Linkedto: heart disease, cancer, mental dysfunction - birthdefects and high LDL ¤Okay:moderation (less than 3 cups per day) ¤Peoplewith health conditions, be careful irregularheartbeat |