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112 Cards in this Set
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- Back
what is eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
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substances, including histamine and leukotrienes, that are released during an anaphylactic reaction.
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what are Leukotrienes?
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biological compounds that produce allergic and inflammatory reactions.
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what is sensitization?
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An acquired reaction in which specific antibodies develop in response to an antigen.
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what are thromboxanes?
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Antagonistic prostaglandin derivatives that are synthesized and released by degranulating platelets, causing vasoconstrictin and promoting the degranulation of other platelets.
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what does the Atigen -antibody response do?
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It protects the body from disease by activating the immune response.
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discribe an antigen?
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a substance that induces the formation of antibodies.
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what does the antigen-antibody reaction do
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it protects the body from disease by activating the immune response.
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what is a allergen
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an antigen or substance causing the allergic response.
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the healthy body responds to an antigen challenge through a collective defense system call what?
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immunity.
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what is the most extreme form of an allergic reaction called?
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anaphylaxis
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The antigenic agents most frequently associated with anaphylaxis are?
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penicillin, stinging insects, and food.
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signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis usually appear within ?
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1 to 30 minutes of introduction of the antigen.
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what drug should be administered to all patients with clinical signs of shock?
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epinephrine 0.3 - 0.5 mg (3-5 ml 1:10,000) IV
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SQ or IM epinephrine may not be effective for a patient having severe anaphylactic reactions because of:
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Decreased peripheral perfusion
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An antigen is a substance that produces:
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Antibodies
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The primary antibody affecting an anaphylactic reaction is:
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IgE
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The medication most commonly responsible for anaphylactic reactions is:
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Penicillin
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The chemical released in an anaphylactic reaction that causes rapidly increased vascular permeability and capillary and venule dilation is:
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Histamine
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Hypotension in an anaphylactic reaction occurs primarily as a result of:
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Capillary permeability and vasodilation
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During an anaphylactic reaction, urticaria may be noted on the skin, and swelling may be noted in the
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Face and tongue
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Medications that may be prescribed for a patient with a history of anaphylactic reactions so they may be used in an emergency may include:
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Epi-Pen
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Expect that a fluid bolus of up to ____________ may be needed to restore blood pressure in anaphylactic patients.
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4 L
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Administration of epinephrine should be
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. At high doses, up to 3 to 5 mg every 3 minutes
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When assessing a patient who is complaining of abdominal discomfort, you must always assess the genitalia
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False
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the medical term for excessive thirst is
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polydipsia
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By which route is gastroenteritis that is caused by bacteria most often transmitted
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Oral/Fecal
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the loss of glucose in the urine prevents tubular reabsorption of fluid. this is known as
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Osmotic diuresis
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Insulin is produced in the
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Pancreas
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the primary treatment for hypotension resulting from anaphylaxis is
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IV Fluids
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The most serious type of hernia is a (N)
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Strangulated hernia
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A previous exposure to an antigen that initiates an allergic response can be called
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Sensitizatin
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Appropriate management of a patient experiencing HHNK would include
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IV fluid of NS wide open
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which of the following statements is correct regarding the treatment of patients with genitourinary disorder?
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All patients who complain of symptoms that last longer than 6 hours should be strongly encouraged to see a physician
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Colitis can be defined as an
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Inflammatory condition of the large intestine
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Your patient is a 76 year old female who presents with abdominal pain and distentin and who is vomiting fecal material. Your suspect
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Bawel obstructin
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Pancreatitis usually presents after
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Ingestion of alcohol or a large amount of food.
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An allergen can be defined as
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an antigen causing an allergic response
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Colitis can lead to ulceratin of the intestinal mucosa
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true
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Melena is a term used to describe
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Maroon or tarry colored stools
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During an anaphylactic reaction, urticaria may be noted on the skin and swelling may be noted in the
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face and tonque
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An allergic reaction is
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An oversensitive immune response
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Medicatins that may be prescribed for a patient with history of anaphylactic reactions to use in an emergency may include
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Epi-Pen
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when physically assessing the shunt site, you would anticipate its most common location to be
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in the inner aspect of the patient's forearm
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The standard subcutaneous pediatric dose of epinephrine used in the treatment of severe anaphylaxis is
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0.1 mg/kg of 1:1000 solution
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which of the following best describes Kussmaul breathing
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Rapid and deep
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Cholecystitis that is complicated by the passage of stones into the common bile duct and the subsequent obstructin may be associated with fever, chills, and pancreatitis
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true
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What statements best describes the profound effect diabetic ketoacidosis has on the body
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the serum insulin level is low and glucose is prohibited from entering the cells
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Hernias result from
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The peritoneum pushing through the abdominal musculature
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The medical term for abnormally large fluid output is
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Polyuria
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Urticaria may be seen in the patient with an allergic reaction Urticaria is also known as
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Hives
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Urticaria is
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caused by increased capillary permeability and leaking of fluid into the interstitial space
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The primary antibody affecting an anaphylactic reactin is
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IgE
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How do you discribe Kussmaul breathing
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Rapid and deep
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Cholecystitis that is complicated by the passage of stones into the common bile duct and the subsequent obstructin may be associated with fever chills and pancreatitis
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True
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Which of the following statements best describes the profound effect diabetic ketoacidosis has on the body
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The serum insulin level is low and glucose is prohibited from entering the cells
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Hernias result from
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the peritoneum pushing through the abdominal musculature
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the medical term for abnormally large fluid output is
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Polyuria
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Urticaria may be seen in the patient with an allergic reaction urticaria is also known as
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Hives
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Urticaria is
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Caused by increased capillary permeability and leaking of fluid into the interstitial space
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The primary antibody affecting an anaphylactic reation is
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IgE
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signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include
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Warm, dry skin and Kussmaul respirations
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the primary cause of colitis is
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unknown
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Gastroenteritis is
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an inflammation of the stomach
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The primary reason epinephrine is given in severe anaphylaxis is to cause
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Immediate reversal of the anaphylactic reaction
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The H pylori bacterium is frequent cause of
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Gastritis
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What condition typically results in the development of symptoms over 12-48 hours
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DKA
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Type II diabetes is caused by
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Decreased productin of insulin
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Beta cells within the islets of Langerhans produce
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Insulin
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the signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction usually occure within ________minutes after exposure to the antigen
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1-30
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symptoms of thyroid storm could also mimic an overdose of
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Cocaine
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Crohn's disease is
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a chronic inflammatory bowel disease
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Insulin is a small protein that is released by the beta cells when bolld glucose levels rise the primary functins of insulin are to
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Transport glucose into the cells
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Cholecystitis is frequently associated with the ingestion of
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Fried and Farry foods
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Localized allergic reactions are best managed with
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Antihistamines
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Bleeding associated with gastritis would present as a stool that is
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Dark to black in color
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The anatomical components of the urinary system are the
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Urethra, ureters, urinary bladder, and kidneys
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a common effect of Crohn's disease is
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formatin of fistulas with other abdominal organs
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Indications for the use of glucogon include
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Hypoglycemia
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the standard subcutaneous dose of epinephrine used in treatment of the adult with severe anaphylaxis is
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0.3 to 0.5 mg of 1:1000 solution
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Diverticulitis is caused by a sac or pouch that develops in the
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colon
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the cause of Crohn's disease is
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Unknown
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the thyroid gland produces thyroxine, which is responsible for
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Regulating the basal metabolic rate
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The effects of hepatitis infection include
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Jaundice, Malaise, Cirrhosis
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Gastritis can be defined a s
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A chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa
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Bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices can be expected to be
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Bright red and copious
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Pain associated with pancreatitis often presents as
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Radiating from mid-umbilicus to the back
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If needed (as in the absence of insulin) fatty acids in the liver can be metabolized and used for energy. The eventual breakdown products of fatty acids in the liver are known as
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Ketone bodies
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Type I diabetes is caused by
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Inadequate production of insulin
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a primary organ of the gastrointeatinal system is the
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Stomach
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The most dangerous result of an obstructed bowel is
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peritonitis
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Glucagon is effective in treating hypoglycemia because it
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Stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen
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Blood that is found in the stools of a patient suffering from colitis would be
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Grossly bloody
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Glyburide and Glipizide are exampes of
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Oral hypoglycemic agents
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Bleeding from esophagitis is typically
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Coffee ground emesis
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Hemorrhoids are the result of
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Swollen veins in the rectal area
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Routes other than the subcutaneous route for administering epinephrine during a severe allergic reaction shoud be guided by medical direction
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true
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Hypotension in an anaphylactic reaction primarily occurs from
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Capillary permeability and vasodilation
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The most life-threatening result of an anaphylactic reaction is
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Airway edema and obstructin
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the chemical released in an anaphylactic reaction that causes rapid increased vascular permeability and capillary and venule dilation is
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Histamine
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A condition common to women in their 40's with the symptoms of weight gain , hair loss, hoarse voice and fatigue could be
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Myxedema
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gastrointestinal effects of an anaphylactic reaction may include
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Diarrhea
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Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia may include
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Combative behavior
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Cushing's syndrome can be caused by
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Adrenal Tumor
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Cholecystitis is inflammation of the
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Gallbladder
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The faster an allergic response occurs after the introduction to the body, the more severe the reaction
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true
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Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNK) differs from diabetic ketoacidosis in that the patient with HHNK
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Has higher serum glucose levels
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addison's disease is potentially life threatening due to a decrease in
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Steroid production
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Unlike epididymitis testicular torsion
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Is not typically associated with a fever
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Of the following routes of introduction of an antigen in anaphylaxis which produces the most rapid immune response
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Injection
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Which of the following conditions is present due to the decreased production of corticosteroids
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Addison's
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Glucocorticoid steroids are secreted by the
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Adrenal cortex
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Conditions that predispose a person to esophageal varices include
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Chronic alsoholism
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