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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 Properties of Muscle Tissue:
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1. EXCITABILITY - responds to stimuli from neurons
2. CONTRACTILITY - is able to shorten 3. ELASTICITY - can recoil after contraction 4. EXTENSIBILITY - capable of extending during flexion of antagonist muscles |
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FUNCTIONS of muscles (6)
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1. Movements (works with skeletal system)
2. Maintenance of posture 3. Temperature regulation 4. Storage and movement of materials (CALCIUM) 5. Support 6. Joint Stabilization |
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1. Tetanus - Cause and Effects
2. Botulism - Cause and Effects 3. Botox - facts |
1. Casued by Clostridium tetani
- Causes muscle overstimulation and excessive muscle contraction 2. Casued by Clostridium botulinum - Causes musclular paralysis 3. Approved by FDA in 2002. Lessens appearance of wrinkles, by paralyzing muscles. Lasts for 120 days. |
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3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE (names and descriptions)
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1. Cardiac Muscle | striated | involuntary | Ex:(Heart)
2. Smooth Muscle | non-striated | involuntary | Ex: (Stomach, bladder, guts) 3. Skeletal Muscle | striated | voluntary | Ex: (leg and arm muscles) |
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
1. Where is it found? 2. shape of fibers? 3. How many nuclei? 4. Other characteristics |
1. myocardium of heart
2. "Y" shaped or branched 3. Uni- or Binucleated 4. INTERCALATED discs (cells touch each other) - Autorhythmic - Striated - Involuntary |
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE:
1. Name of the shape they're in 2. Where is it found? 3. How many nuclei? 4. Other characteristics |
1. FUSIFORM shape (wide middle with tapered ends)
2. found in walls of VISCERAL organs 3. Uninucleate 4. Fatigue resistant, non-striated, involuntary |
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
1. What are they made of? 2. How many nuclei? 3. What's the name of the oxygen binding pigment? 4. Other Characteristics |
1. made of muscle cells (fibers or myofibers)
2. mutlinucleate 3. contains myoglobin (pink color) 4. innervated (contains nerves), striated, vascular, and voluntary |
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE WRAPPINGS (order from simple to complex)
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Endomysium
- fascicles - Perimysium Epimysium Deep Fascia |
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE WRAPPINGS (describe)
1. Endomysium 2. fascicles 3. Perimysium 4. Epimysium 5. Deep Fascia |
1. surronds each muscle fiber (areolar and reticular fibers)
2. a group of muscle fibers 3. surrounds group of muscle fibers (Dence irregular CT) 4. surrounds whole muscle (dense irregular CT) 5. surrounds muscle groups (dense irregular CT) (all 4 are continuous with tendon to produce movement) |
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MUSCLE ATTACHMENT
1. Tendon (define) 2. Aponeurosis (define) 3. Origin (define) 4. Insertion (define) |
1. Attach muscles to bones, skin, cartilage
2. a flat tendon (galea aponeurotica) 3. less moveable attachment of muslce 4. more moveable attachment |
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MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (within the ENDOMYSIUM)
1. Sarcolemma 2. Sarcoplasm 3. Transverse (T) tubules 4. Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
1. cell membrane
2. cytoplasm 3. invaginations of sarcolemma | conduct impulses to deepest regions of cell 4. Elaborate smooth ER | Surrounds each myofibril | STORES CALCIUM | contain terminal cisternae (part that touches the t-tubules. This is the cite of calcium release) |
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MYOFIBRILS
1. Where are they found? 2. What do they do during muscle contraction? 3. Name of the long row of repeating segments? 4. Composed of what? |
1. inside muscle fibers
2. shorten during muscle contraction 3. sarcomeres 4. myofilaments |
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MYOFILAMENTS:
1. composition of thin filaments 2. composition of thick filaments |
1. actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
2. myosin |
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REVEIW OF MUSCLE ANATOMY:
Order all from simple to complex |
Actin and Myosin
Myofilament Myofibril Muscle fiber (cell) Endomysium Fascicle Perimysium Whole Muscle Epimysium Muscle Group Deep Fascia |
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SARCOMERES
1. Functional unit of? 2. Defined from? 3. Gives what appearance to muscle? |
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Z-disc to Z-disc 3. Striated appearance |
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SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY (process)
1. Start with Calcium... 2. Myosin heads... 3. Head swivels inward... 4. Mysoin heads release... 5. Powered by.... 6. Triggered by.... |
1. Calcium (from sarcoplasmic reticulum) binds to TROPONIN causing the TTC (troponin-tropomyosin complex) to slide off the binding sites on actin
2. Myosin heads (thick) attach to actin (thin) 3. Head swivels inward, pulling the actin toward center of sarcomere 4. Myosin heads release, process is repeated 5. ATP powered 6. Calcium triggered |
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RIGOR MORTIS
1. Death is not an ______ but a ______. 2. what runs out a few hours after death? 3. What two things are affected by this? 4. After 15-24 hours, what deteriorate allowing muscles to relax? |
1. event | process
2. ATP runs out 3. Myosin cannot detach from actin | Calcium cannot be taken up by SR |