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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Plasma |
Liquid portion of unclotted blood |
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Serum |
Liquid portion of clotted blood |
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RBC Platelets WBC |
Blood cellular elements |
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Granulocyte (Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil) Agranulocyte (Lymphocytes, monocutes) |
2 kinds of WBC |
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RCB (Erythrocyte) |
Disk shaped cells containing hemoglobin which transport O2 and CO2 |
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WBC (Leukocytes) |
Protects the body against MCO and remove dead cells and debris |
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Granulocytes |
Contains cytoplasmic granules |
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Neutrophils |
Small phagocytic cells |
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Basophild |
Promote inflamation |
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Eosinophils |
Influence inflamation |
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Agranulocyte |
Small granules |
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Lymphocytes |
Involved in antibody production and othe immune system response |
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Monocyte |
Macrophages that ingest MCO and cellular debris |
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Leukopenia |
Decrease in WBC |
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Platelets |
Cell fragments involved in preventing blood loss |
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Vascular spasm |
Blood vessels constrict in response to injury resulting in decreased blood flow |
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ABO Blood Group |
The classification of human blood based on inherited poperties of red blood cells |
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Blood typing |
Determines the ABO and Rh blood groupings of a blood sample |
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X match test |
Aggutination reactions between donors and recipient blood |
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Consist of RBC count Hgb measurement Hct measurement WBC |
Complete Blood Count |
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Differential WBC |
Determines the % of each type of WBC |
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Clotting |
Platelets count and prothrombin time measurement determine the bloods ability to clot |
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Blood chemistry |
Composition of materials dissolved or suspended in plasma |
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Anemia |
Low RCB |
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Polycythemia vera |
High RBC |
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Infection |
High WBC |
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Hemorrhage/Bleeding |
Low platelet count |
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Lymphatic system or lymphoid system |
Organ system in vertebrates that is part of the circulatory system and immune system. Made up of large network of lymphatic vessels etc |
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Lymphatic vessels |
Carry lymph away from tissues. Valves in the vessels ensure the one way flow of lymph |
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Skeletal muscle contraction |
Contraction of lymphatic vessel, smooth muscle and thoracic pressure changes moves |
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Thoracic duct and lymphatic duct |
Empty lymph into the blood |
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Lymphatic tissue |
Produce lymphocytes when exposed to foreign substances and it filters lymph and blood |
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Tonsils |
Protect the opening between the nasal and oral cavities and the pharynx |
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Lymph nodes |
Located along lymphatic vessels; filter lymph |
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White pulp of the spleen |
Responds to foreign substances in the blood whereas the red pulp phagocytizes foreign substance and worn out RBC. Reservoir for blood |
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Thymus |
Processes lymphocytes that move to other lymphatic tissue to respond to foreign substances |
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Thymus |
Formation of t cells |
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Tonsils/adenoids |
Distinguish invaders for destruction |
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Spleen |
Filters blood and distributes t and b cells |
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Lymph glands |
Storage and white blood cell formation |
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Bone marrow |
B cells are produced in bone marrow |
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Immunity |
Ability to resist the harmful effects of MCO and other foreign substances |
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Physcial barriers |
Barriers that prevent MCO from enetering the body |
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Physical mediators |
Kills MCO, promotes phagocytosis and increase inflamation |
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Interferons |
Prevent replication of viruses |
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Chemotaxis |
Ability of cells to move toward MCO or sites of tissue damage |
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Neutrophils |
First phagocytic cells to respond to MCO |
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Macrophages |
Large phagocytic cells that are active in latter part of an infection, are positioned at sites where MCO may enter the tissue |
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Basophils and mast cells |
Promotes inflammation |
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Eosonophils |
Play a role in inflammation associated with allergic reaction |
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Natural killer cells |
Lyse tumor cells virus infected cells |
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Lymphatic vessels |
Collect tissue fluid from loose connective tissue Carry fluid to great veins in the neck Fluid flows only toward the heart |
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Chemotaxis Opsonization Ingestion Digestion Release |
Macrophages phagocytosis |
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Chemotaxis |
Attracts macrophages to the anigen site |
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Opsonization |
Coats the MCO, enhancing macrophages binding to this antigen |
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Ingestion |
Macrophages extends its membrane around the opsonized MCO engulfing it within the vacuole (phagosome) |
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Digestion |
Forms phagolysosomes where antigen destruction occurs |
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Release |
Once digestion is complete, macrophages expels digestive debris |
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Digestive system |
Consist of gastrointestinal tract plus accessory organs for digestion |
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Digestion |
Involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components |
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Digestion |
Involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components |
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Parotid Submandibular Sublimgual |
3 salivary glands |
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Saliva |
Secretion of salivary glands |
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Amylase |
Initiates the digestion of starch |
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Lingual lipase |
Begins digestion of fat |
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Mastication |
Accomplish by the teeth, which cut, tear and crush food |
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Esophagus (Esophageal sphincter - regulates movement) |
Connects the pharynx to the stomach |
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Deglutition |
Act of swallowing |
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4 tunics 1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa or adventitia |
Histology of GI tract |
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Peritoneum |
Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organ |
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Mesentrics |
Double layers of peritoneum that extend from body wall to many abdominal organs |
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Retroperitoneal |
Organs located behind the parietal peritoneum |
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Stomach |
Has a cardiac opening from esophagus and pyloric opening into duodenum |
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Gastric glands |
Produce mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, gastrin and intrinsic factor |
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1. Cephalic phase 2. Gastric phase 3. Intestinal phase |
Regulaiton of stomach secretion |
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Cephalic phase |
Vagus nerve stimulates gastric secretion even before food is swallowed |
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Gastric phase |
Food stretches the stomach and activates myenteric and vagovagal reflexes |
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Intestinal phase |
Intestinal gastrin briefly stimulates the stomach |
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Small Intestine (22 ft) |
Where most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place |
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Liver |
Role is to produce bile |
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Bile |
Substance that physically breaks up large fat droplets that clump together |
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Gallbladder |
Organ that stores bile |
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Pancreas |
Secrete enzymes into the small intestine that complete the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats |
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Duodenum (Ligament of Treitz) |
First part of the small intestine |
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Jejunum (LUQ) |
Second part of SI. Entirely intraperitoneal as the mesentry |
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Ileum (RLQ) |
Last and longest part of the SI |
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Large Intestine |
Site of water and mineral absorption. Collect undigested material and form feces. |
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Rectum |
Stores feces |
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Internal sphincter (smooth muscle) External sphincter (skeletal muscle) |
Regulation of defecation |
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Kupffer's cell |
Lining the sinusoids remove bacteria and toxins that have enter the blood through the intestinal capillaries |