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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
?????Absorption
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(nutrients from outside to inside)
Slide #4 |
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The GI tract is made up of what organs?
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gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the stomach and intestines
Slide #6 |
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Is defecated food residue considered to have gone into the body tissues?
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In a strict sense, NO
MOST material that has entered the digestive tract has NOT actully entered the body tissues. REASONING: it is considered to be external to the body until it is ABSORBED by the epithelial cells of the alimentary canal Slide #7 |
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What tissue layers form the wall of the GI tract? (From inner to outer)
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inner to outer surface:
DIGESTIVE TRACT WALL: (1) MUCOSA epithelium lamina propria muscularis mucosae (2) SUBMUCOSA (3) MUSCULARIS EXTERNA inner circular layer outer longitudinal layer (4) SEROSA areolar tissue mesothelium Slide #8 |
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What is the Enteric Nervous System? Describe its function.
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Enteric Nervous System
– a nervous network in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines FUNCTION: regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow Slide #12 |
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What are the mesenteries?
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mesenteries
– connective tissue sheets that loosely suspend the stomach and intestines from the abdominal wall Slide #13 |
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What is the greater omentum?
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?????
Slide #15 |
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???
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the mouth is known as the oral, or buccal cavity
Slide #20 |
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???
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2 incisors – chisel-like cutting teeth used to bite off a piece of food
Slide #26 |
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???
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1 canine – pointed and act to puncture and shred food
Slide #26 |
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???
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2 premolars – broad surface for crushing and grinding
Slide #26 |
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???
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3 molars – even broader surface for crushing and grinding
Slide #26 |
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???
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gomphosis joint formed between tooth and bone (not two bones)
Slide #27 |
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???
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dentin – hard yellowish tissue that makes up most of the tooth
Slide #28 |
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???
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enamel – covers crown and neck
Slide #28 |
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???
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pulp cavity in the crown
nerves and blood vessels Slide #29 |
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???
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Tooth and Gum Disease
Slide #31 |
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???
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salivary amylase – enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth
Slide #33 |
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???
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lingual lipase – enzyme that is activated by stomach acid and digests fat after the food is swallowed
Slide #33 |
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???
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mucus – binds and lubricates the mass of food and aids in swallowing
Slide #33 |
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???
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lysozyme – enzyme that kills bacteria
Slide #33 |
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???
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But they don’t have protease
Slide #33 |
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???
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lingual glands – in the tongue – produce lingual lipase (intrinsic)
Slide #34 |
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???
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submandibular gland – located halfway along the body of the mandible (extrinsic)
Slide #34 |
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???
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lower esophageal sphincter – food pauses at this point because of this constriction
Slide #39 |
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???
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heartburn – burning sensation produced by acid reflux into the esophagus
Slide #39 |
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???
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swallowing center – pair of nuclei in medulla oblongata that coordinates swallowing
Slide #41 |
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???
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buccal phase – under voluntary control (from CNS)
Slide #41 |
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???
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pharyngoesophageal phase – is involuntary (autonomic reflexes)
Slide #42 |
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???
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Gastric rugae
Slide #47 |
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???
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parietal cells – found mostly in the upper half of the gland
secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), intrinsic factor, and a hunger hormone called ghrelin Slide #53 |
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???
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chief cells – most numerous
secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen Slide #53 |
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???
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zymogens – digestive enzymes secreted as inactive proteins (they are only secreted into the lumen)
Slide #57 |
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???
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Gastric Motility
Slide #62 |
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???
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gastric phase
Slide #72 |
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???
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enterogastric reflex – duodenum sends inhibitory signals to the stomach by way of the enteric nervous system and signals to the medulla oblongata - triggered by acid and semi-digested fats in the duodenum
Slide #74 |
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???
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inhibitory signals
Slide #74 |
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???
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***Hepatic triad:
(1) Branch of hepatic portal vein (2) Branch of proper hepatic artery (3) Bile ductule Slide #80 |
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???
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***hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) – phagocytic cells in the sinusoids that remove bacteria and debris from the blood
Slide #81 |
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???
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between meals, hepatocytes(of liver) breaks down stored glycogen and releases glucose into the blood
Slide #82 |
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???
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***hepatic triad of two vessels and a bile ductule, visible in the triangular areas where three or more lobules meet
Slide #83 |
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???
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***hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) – phagocytic cells in the sinusoids that remove bacteria and debris from the blood
Slide #81 |
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???
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between meals, hepatocytes(of liver) breaks down stored glycogen and releases glucose into the blood
Slide #82 |
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???
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***hepatic triad of two vessels and a bile ductule, visible in the triangular areas where three or more lobules meet
Slide #83 |
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???
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***Microscopic Anatomy of LiverKnow the order!!!
Slide #85 |
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???
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bile acids (bile salts) – steroids synthesized from cholesterol
bile acids and lecithin, a phospholipid, aid in fat digestion and absorption Slide #88 |
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???
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Pancreatic Zymogens
Slide #93 |