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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Animal Science
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the study of the vital functions of an animal
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Where are most feedlots located
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Tx (panhandle), Colorado, SW. Kansas
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What are Sire breeds bred for
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meat, muscle and growth (fast growing, muscular, late maturing, low milking)
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What are Maternal Breeds bred for
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being mothers (early maturing sexually, inherently fertile, moderate to heavy milking, small to moderate size)
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Where is the most cattle found in the world
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India
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What is the flow of beef industry
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cow/calf, stocker, feedlot, packer, retailer, consumer
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What is “Heterosis”
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cross breed (ability of offspring to out perform the average of the parents breed)
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Cows are located in what part of TX
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East TX
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Heiferette
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A heifer that has calved once, dried up, and is then fed for slaughter
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Bos Indicus Breeds
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Brahman, Gyr, Brangus, Santa Gertrudis, Beef Master
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Bos Tarus
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British and European lumped together
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3 British Breeds
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Angus, Short Horn, Hereford, Red Angus
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3 European
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Charolais, Chianina, Limousin, Maine Anjou, Saler, Simmental,
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Compensatory growth
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under nourished and then put in a proper nourished place to gain weight fast (Increased growth rate in response to previous undernourishment.)
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Dressing Percentage
-Fill -Fat/Muscle |
amount of useable product- 62% (live weight vs carcass weight)
-fill- stomach/gut- contents of the digestive track (decrease weight) -Fat/Muscle- increase weight |
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What are 2 things looked for how we evaluate/ how we raise
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environment, consumer
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What Country leads in Swine
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China
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What Country leads in sheep
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Australia
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What is the permanent identification of a pig
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ear notch
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Cull
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To eliminate from the breeding population
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Roughage/ Concentrate
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Roughage- Low in energy, high in fiber
Concentrate- High in energy, low in fiber |
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GOATS...
–Male of Breeding Age –Mature Female –Young Male –Young Female –Newborn –Unsexed Male –Unsexed Female –Groups –Genus –Act of Breeding –Act of Parturition |
GOATS...
–Male of Breeding Age- Buck –Mature Female- Doe –Young Male- Buck kid –Young Female- Doe kid –Newborn- Kid –Unsexed Male- Wether –Unsexed Female- Spayed –Groups- Band –Genus- Capra –Act of Breeding- Serving –Act of Parturition- Kidding |
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POULTRY...
–Male of Breeding Age –Mature Female –Young Male –Young Female –Newborn –Unsexed Male –Groups –Genus –Act of Mating |
Poultry...
–Male of Breeding Age- Cock –Mature Female- Hen –Young Male- Chick –Young Female- Chick –Newborn- Chick –Unsexed Male- Capon –Groups- Flock –Genus- Gallus –Act of Mating- Mating |
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Species Cross
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mating of animals of different species (most extreme) (jack + mare= mule)
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Crossbreeding
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mating of animals of different established breeds.
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Outcrossing
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mating of unrelated animals within the same breed
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Grading up
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Mating of purebred sires to commercial grade females and their female offspring for several generations (Mating System used to establish numbers of a new introduced breed.)
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Linebreeding
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a mild form of inbreeding- used in an attempt to maintain a high genetic relationship to an outstanding ancestor (Usually a Sire)
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Homozygous
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genes for a particular trait that are alike
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Heterozygous
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genes for a particular trait that are different
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Recessive
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not dominate
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Chromosome
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a structure in the nucleus containing a linear thread of DNA which transmits genetic information and is associated with RNA and histones
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Types of Fat
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Subcutaneous fat– fat under the skin
Intermuscular fat– fat between the muscles Intramuscular fat– fat within the muscle fibers (marbling) Kidney, Pelvic, & Heart Fat (KPH)– fat surrounding the major organs inside the body cavity |
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Composite Breed
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control cross breed (brangus, bromin, beef master, breford, bromizine, branker)
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Study of Hormones
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endocrineology
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What year did Columbus bring cattle over
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1493
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First domesticated animal
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Sheep
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Yield grade vs Quality grade
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Yield= lean/fat- 1-5
Quality= marbling, quality, “eating quality” |
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Circulatory system
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circulates blood
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Open female
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not pregnant
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“in heat”-
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receptive to being bred
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Simmental
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twin a lot
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DOMESTICATED-
Group Structure |
a. large social group (herd)
b. hierarchical (social) rank c. can combine males with females |
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LEFT EM WILD-
Group Structure |
a. Family Groupings
b. Territorial structure c. males in separate groups |
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DOMESTICATED-
Sexual Behavior |
a. promiscuous mating behavior
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LEFT EM WILD-
Sexual Behavior |
a. pair bond bating for season or life
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DOMESTICATED-
Parent Young Interaction |
a. critical period (imprint)
b. precocial young |
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LEFT EM WILD-
Parent Young Interaction |
a. species-bond on the basis of species characteristics
b. altricial young |
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DOMESTICATED-
Other Behavioral Characteristics |
a. eat wide range of food
b. adapt to a variety of environments c. limited agility |
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LEFT EM WILD-
Other Behavioral Characteristics |
a. specialized diet
b. require a specific habitat c. extreme agility |
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Colustrum contains
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Colustrum
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First Milk
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Colustrum
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First Milk
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