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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Arthology |
science of joint structure, function |
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kinesiology |
study of musculoskeletal movement |
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4 major joint categories |
bony, fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
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ROM: synathrosis |
immovable |
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ROM: Amphiarthrosis |
slightly movable |
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ROM: diarthrosis |
freely movable |
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synostosis joint |
bony joint; 2 bones ossify & become a single bone with a fibrous or cartilaginous joint ex. infant frontal & mandibular bones |
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synarthrosis joint |
fibrous joint; bones are bound by collagen fibers (tendons) from one side and penetrate another |
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3 kinds of synathrosis joints |
sutures, gomphoses & syndesmoses |
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suture definition |
immovable or slightly movable fibrous joint that bind bones |
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serrate suture |
interlocking wavy lines ex. coronal suture |
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lap (squamous) suture |
overlapping edges ex. temporal & parietal bones |
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plane (butt) suture |
straight, non-overlapping edges ex. intermaxillary suture |
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gomphosis |
Fibrous joint; attachment of tooth to socket by a collagen fiber, periodontal ligament |
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syndesmosis joint |
fibrous joint which 2 bones are bound by long collagenous fivers called interosseous membrane for mobility ex. between tibia and fibula |
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syphysis joint |
bones are seperated by a pad of fibrocartilage ex. interpubic disc of pubic symphysis |
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syndesmosis |
slightly movable joint; ligaments connect 2 bones and limit motion ex. radius and ulna |
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Amphiarthrosis joint |
cartilaginous joint; 2 bones are linked by cartilage |
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synchondroses joint |
bones are bound by hyaline cartilage ex. joint in epiphyseal plate, first rib to sternum |
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diarthrosis |
synovial joint; 2 bones are separated by a joint cavity for mobility |
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articular cartilage |
avascular layer of hyaline cartilage that covers bone surfaces |
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joint (articular cavity) |
seperates articular surfaces |
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synovial fluid |
nourishes articular cartilage and removes waste; reduces friction |
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joint capsule |
connective tissue that encloses cavity and retains the fluid made of outer fibrous capsule & inner, cellular synovial membrane |
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outer fibrous capsule |
continuous with periosteum of adjoining bones |
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inner synovial membrane |
composed of fibroblast cells that secrete synovial fluid & macrophages to remove debris |
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articular disc |
forms a pad between articulating bones that cross the entire joint capsule |
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meniscus |
in knee; 2 cartilages extend inward from the left and right but dont cross joint, cups to keep bones in place |
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tendon |
sheet of collagenous conn. tissue that attches muscle to bone to stabilize a joint |
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ligament |
collagenous conn. tissue that attaches bone to bone |
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bursa |
fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, between muscles to cushion, ease friction and modifies tendon pull |
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tendon sheaths |
elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon in hand and foot |
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without exercise, cartilage... |
deteriorates from lack of nutriotion and waste removal |
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rotation occurse when an... |
effort applied overcomes resistance |
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weight advantage |
exort more force than force applied to lever ex. moving object with crowbar |
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Speed advantage |
move resisting object faster/farther than effort arm is moved ex. rowing a boat |
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MA > 1.0 |
more force, less speed |
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MA<1.0 |
more speed, less force |
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multiaxial joint |
3 degrees of freedom or axes of rotation |
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ball and socket joint |
multiaxial joint, cuplike socket; shoulder & hip joint |
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condylar (ellipsoid) joint |
biaxial joint; oval convex surface where bones fit in complementary depressions ex. radiocarpal joint of wrist |
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saddle joint |
biaxial joint; both bones have an articular surface that is saddle shaped, concave & convex ex. sternoclavicular joint |
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plane (glididng joint) |
biaxial joint; flat articular surfaces that bones slide over each other with limited movement ex. carpal bones of wrist |
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hinge joint |
monoaxial; one bone with convex surface fits into a concave depression on other bone ex. ulna and humerus |
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pivot joint |
monoaxial; bone held in place by a ringlike ligament ex. atlantoaxial joint |
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zero position |
position of a joint when a person is in standard anatomical position |