Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is Not True regarding the lymphatic system? - removes excess fluids from the tissues - absorbs fats from the digestive tract - defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substances - produces erythrocytes - circulates lymphatic fluid throughout the body |
Produces erythrocytes |
|
Microscopic closed end tubes in the lymphatic system composed of simple squamous epithelium are called? -capillaries -vessels -ducts -all of these -non of these |
Capillaries |
|
Lymph is returned to the blood circulatory system through the -hepatic portal system -subclavian veins -abdominal aorta -inferior vena cava |
Subclavian Veins |
|
Which of the following correctly lists the structures according to the sequence of fluid flow?
|
Blood Capillaries Interstitial Spaces Lymphatic Capillaries Lymphatic Vessels Lymphatic Ducts Subclavian Veins |
|
What is the largest lymphatic tissue? |
Spleen |
|
Lacteals are found in the? |
Small Intestines |
|
Which of the following would not be associated with non-specific resistance (Innate Immunity) |
Inflammation |
|
Which of these conditions does not occur as a result of the inflammatory response? |
Vasconstriction of blood vessels |
|
Which of the following is NOT paired correctly with it's function -spleen--acts as a blood and platelet reservoir -lymphatic vessel--circulates lymphatic fluid -Thymus gland--location for maturation and proliferation of B-cells -tonsils--protects against microorganisms |
Thymus Gland--T-lymphocytes and T-cells |
|
Plasma cells are a form of |
B-cells |
|
Antibodies are directly produced from which type of cell? |
Plasma cells |
|
The following are characteristics of antigens except |
They can destroy bacteria by phagocytosis |
|
The type of lymphocyte that is responsible for the secondary antibody response is the |
Memory B cell |
|
Receiving an immunization with an altered form of the influenza virus results in |
artificially acquired active immunity |
|
Which type of hemoglobin is represented by the highest percentage and crosses the placenta to the fetus? |
IgG |
|
Which of the following conditions describes an immune system that is overly reactive to substances tolerated by others? |
Hypersensitivity |
|
Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system? |
Elimination of nitrogen waste (ex. ammonia) |
|
What is the correct sequence for the passageway of air through the respiratory system? -Trachea - Terminal Bronchioles -Nasal Cavity - Alveolar Sacs -Alveolus -Secondary Bronchi -Primary Bronchi |
Nasal Cavity Trachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Terminal Bronchioles Alveolar Sacs Alveolus |
|
Which of the following are true regarding the true vocal cords? |
-They are Found in the larynx -Vibrations of the anterior folds=increase frequency and pitch -Vibrations of the longer sections=decrease frequency and pitch |
|
What are the purpose of the cartilage rings? |
Prevents the trachea from collasping |
|
The conduction zone of the tracheobronchial tree ends at the |
Terminal Bronchioles |
|
This is the primary gas exchange site |
Alveolus |
|
Which of the following cells of the alveoli produce surfactant? |
Type 2 Alveolar cells |
|
When the inhalation muscle contract... |
The size of the thoracic cavity increases in length The size of the thoracic cavity increases in diameter |
|
Exhalation begins when |
Inspiratory muscle relaxes |
|
During the process of expiration/exhalation, the alveolar pressure is |
Greater than the barometric pressure |
|
Pulmonary surfactant acts to |
-Lower the surface tension of the alveoli -Prevent the barometric pressure -Prevent dehydration of the alveolar surface - Keep the alveoli from sticking together |
|
This means the lung and chest wall expand easily |
High Compliance |
|
This part of the pharynx extends from the nasal cavity to the soft palate |
nasopharynx |
|
You are traveling in a space capsule that has lost all power to control the atmosphere. If the pressure inside the capsule is now 900mmHg and the concentration of oxygen is 20%, what would the PO2 be? |
180mmHg |
|
Given these lung volumes, calculate the vital capacity 1. Tidal volume=500ml 2. Inspiratory reserve volume=2500ml 3. Residual Volume=100ml 4. Expiratory reserve volume=100ml 5. Dead Space=100ml |
4000ml |
|
Which of the following is incorrect -decrease surface area in the alveoli, decrease rate of gas exchange -Increase the partial pressure differences of gases, decrease rate of gas exchange -increase the diffusion distance across the respiratory membrane, decrease the rate of gas exchange -Increase the partial pressure difference of gases, increase rate of gas exchange |
Increase the partial pressure differences of gases, decrease rate of gas exchange
|
|
Which of the following would increase hemoglobin's ability to bind oxygen? -decrease in temperature -increase in blood pH -decrease in blood CO2 concentration -All of These |
All of these |
|
Oxygen is mostly transported in the blood |
bound to hemoglobin |
|
Most of the CO2 is transported in the blood is |
in the plasma as the bicarbonate ion (HCO3) |
|
An enzyme that speeds up the reaction of carbon dioxide and water: CO2+H2O<-->H2CO3? |
Carbonic Anhydrase |
|
When bicarbonate ion diffuses out of red blood cells into plasma, it is usually exchanged with which ion |
Chloride |
|
The respiratory areas that controls the basic rhythm of respiration and transitions between inhalation and exhalation are located in the |
pons & medulla oblongata |
|
The chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies: -affects the respiratory center when blood carbon dioxide levels change -affects the respiratory center when blood pH changes - affects the respiratory center when blood oxygen levels change - All of these |
All of these
|
|
The residual volume is the amount of air |
remaining in the lungs after forced expiration |
|
The tidal volume is |
Volume of air moved in and out of the lungs in a single quiet breath |
|
Results in the loss of cilia, increases accumulation of mucus |
Whooping Cough |
|
Results in the formation of a grayish membrane in the throat |
Diphtheria |
|
An inherited disorder that affects secretory cells and increases mucus formation |
Cystic Fibrosis |
|
Controls the ability to voluntarily hold your breath |
cerebral cortex |
|
Collapse of lungs in premature infants |
Respiratory Distress syndrome |
|
The blood flow resistance in the efferent arteriole is greater than the blood flow resistance in the afferent arteriole |
True |
|
Fever production enhances the activities of the immune system |
True |
|
The fluid from blood capillaries that is found between cells is called lymph |
False |
|
A graph versus host rejection occurs when the recipient recognizes the donor tissue as foreign |
False |
|
Adaptive or specific immunity responds exactly the same each time the body encounters certain microorganisms and harmful chemicals |
False |
|
What is not a general function of the kidneys |
regulation of blood cell size |
|
Process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder |
Micturition |
|
What is the correct sequence as urine leaves the nephron and travels to the outside of the body |
Renal Papilla Minor Calyx Major Calyx Renal Pelvis Ureter Urinary Bladder Urethra |
|
Which of the following muscles is involved in the voluntary control of urination |
External Urinary Sphincter |
|
The entire functional subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is called the |
Nephron |
|
What is the correct order of vessels of blood flow |
Renal Artery Afferent Arteriole Glomerulus Efferent Arteriole Peritubular Capillaries Renal Vein |
|
Which of the following contains blood |
Glomerulus |
|
The juxtaglomerular cells of the _____ and the macula densa cells of the ____ form the juxtaglomerular apparatus |
Afferent arterioles; Ascending Loop of Henle (LH) |
|
Given the following structures; what is the correct path the filtrate takes from the time it enters bowman capsule until it reaches the ureters Loop of Henle Collecting Duct Proximal Convoluted Tubule Distal Convoluted Tubule |
Proximal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule Collecting Duct |
|
Which of these is located in the medulla of the kidney |
Loops Of Henle |
|
Kidney function includes which of these processes? -Filtration -Absorption -Secretion -All of These |
All of these |
|
The process of reabsorption during the formation of urine ensures that |
glucose, salts, and water are returned to the blood |
|
Filtration of the blood in the kidney takes place in the |
Bowman's Capsule |
|
All of the following are factors in the glomerular filter except |
Microvilli |
|
On average, how much urine is produced in 24 hours |
1-2 liters |
|
The primary means of water movement between fluid compartment is |
osmosis |
|
Approximately what percentage of the total glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed |
99% |
|
Aldosterone stimulates the tubule to reabsorb |
Na+ (Sodium) |
|
Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances |
Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
|
Which of the following is not a mechanism that controls the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) |
Chemical regulation of ions |
|
When angiotensin II is present in the blood, it stimulates an increase in blood pressure by -Increasing aldosterone secretion -Causing vasoconstriction of the arterioles -Increasing blood volume -All of these |
All of these |
|
ADH production |
causes and increase permeability of kidney tubules (nephrons) to water |
|
Which of the following is not an effect of aging on the urinary bladder |
Secretion Increases |
|
Normal blood pH is |
7.4 |
|
The cough reflex is triggered by irritation near an important medical landmark called the |
Carina |
|
During an asthma attack, the patient has difficulty breathing because of the constriction of the |
Terminal Bronchioles |