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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Blood moves fastest in which vessel? Why? |
Artery; because it needs more pressure to get blood to the rest of the body |
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Blood moves slowest in which vessel? Why? |
capillaries; becausethey have many more cross sections and the vessels are smaller |
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Considering corresponding artery and vein, which has a smaller diameter? why? |
artery because they have thicker walls to carry blood under higher pressure |
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volume pulse |
-the change in blood volume with each cardiac cycle |
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amplitude |
the height (of the tallest peak) of volume pulse recording |
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frequency |
Speed(faster/slower) change in time(heart rate) |
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Dicrotic notch |
-notch that forms a small second peak after the first major peak of the volume pulse recording(recorded with plethysmograph) -caused by elastic recoil of the artery |
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notice the slope of the rising edge of the volume pulse is much steeper than the slope of the falling edge. Why? |
rising edge corresponds to active contraction and falling edge to relaxation, which is passive |
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what changes in the finger are represented by the amplitude changes? |
-blood flow -heart rate -blood pressure -movement |
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elapsed time |
time @ peak y - time @ peak x= elapsed time |
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heart rate |
5 beats/elapsed time x 60 sec/min= HR (bpm) (or # of beats per 15 seconds x 4) |
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Does the amplitude range increase or decrease right after exercise? why? |
Decreases; less blood flow through fingers more diverted to muscles |
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What does the change in volume pulse amplitude and HR indicate about changes in the volume of blood flowing in the finger? |
less blood to the finger more blood to the muscles |
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How does the amplitude of the volume pulse for the cooled compare with the recording at the normal room temperature? |
Decreases in amplitude no change in heart rate |
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Explain the difference in terms of the effects of cold on peripheral blood vessels |
Vaso constriction in response to decreased temperature |
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What happens to the volume pulse amplitude when the finger is heated? |
Increased due to vaso dilation |
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effects of smoking |
-increases peripheral vasoconstriction -nicotine:stimulation |
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Where can you find your pulse? |
radial artery, carotid artery, temporal artery, brachial artery, popliteal artery |
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sphygmomanometer |
instrument used to indirectly measure peripheral blood pressure |
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systolic pressure |
pressure measured with each ejection of the left ventricle during systole |
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diastolic pressure |
the lowest pressure measured in the walls of a muscular artery when the left ventricle is no longer compressed(during diastole) |
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what pressure do you pump the cuff to when taking BP? |
-180mm -or to match systolic pressure |
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Where do you place the cuff and the stethoscope? |
-cuff: 1 inch above the antecubital space(elbow) -stethoscope: over brachial artery below the cuff |
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pulse pressure |
-difference between systolic and diastolic pressure -systolic-diastolic=pulse pressure |
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bifurcation |
branching of a blood vessel |
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what affects change in blood flow? |
temperature, body position, physical activity, and emotional state |
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peak x |
any tall amplitude wave |
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peak y |
count 5 amplitude waves from peak x |
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does amplitude increase or decrease when a person stands? why? |
increases temporarily to get blood down to the feet and muscles in the leg |
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what is the heart rate after a person stands up? |
increases slightly due to activity |
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what is the heart rate when the recording returns to normal? |
drops back down t normal rate |
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does the amplitude range increase or decrease after exercise? |
decrease |
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nicotine will attach to which receptors? where are they? |
-nicotinic -postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons |
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what role does nicotine play in effects of tobacco smoke? |
depends on whether it lands on parasympathetic or sympathetic postganglionic neurons |
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how is tobacco smoke able to cause a wide range of effects? |
can activate both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system |