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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 2 things the universe is made of?
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Energy and Matter
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What is energy?
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the capacity to do work
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What are the 2 kinds of energy?
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Potential, kinetic
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What is Potential energy?
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The energy stored in an object, it as the ability to do work if force is applied
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What is Kinetic energy?
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The energy an object has while in motion
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What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
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Energy can not be created or destroyed;it can only be transformed.
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What is the second Law fo Thermodynamics?
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Entropy is continuosly increasing in the universe
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What is entropy?
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The amount of disorder in a system
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What is matter?
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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What are the 3 types of atoms and their respective charges?
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Protons+, Neutrons^o, Electrongs-
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How many energy levels are there and how are they named?
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1-7,k-Q
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How many electrons can the first 4 energy levels hold and what is the equation to find the rest.
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2,8,18,32
2X^2 x=energy level |
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What is z when we look at an element on the periodic table
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atomic number
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What is a when we look at an element onthe periodic table.
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atomic weight
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What is the octect rule?
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Atoms will try to get 8 electrons in their outer shell to become most stable.
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What is a molecule?
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The smallest particle made by the covalent bonding of two or more atoms.
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What is synthesis?
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2 or more simple chemicals combine to produce a new complex chemical
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What is decomposition?
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A complex chemical breaks down into two or more simple chemicals.
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What is single replacement?
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an uncombined atom replaces an atom that is part of a compound
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What is double replacement?
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different atoms from 2 different compunds replace each other
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What are the sides of a ph scale and how are they measured
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1-14, 1-strong acid hyrdrogen molecules are 1X10^-1, 14-strong base hydrogen is 1X10^-14
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A dead body decomposes because the ___ law of Thermodynamics. The living body keeps the entropy ___ by inputing energy
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second, low
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The ___ has positive charge and is found in the ___; whereas the ___ has negative charge and is found in the __
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proton, atomic nucleus, electron, energy level
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Energy level M holds a maximum of __ electrons
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18
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Potassium: atomic number = 19 and atomic weight = 39.098. The sequence of the z score, number of protons and mass number is
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19,19,39.098
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Aluminum ion is z = 13, mass = 27 and oxidation state of 3+. The number of protons, neutrons and electrons, in sequence, for Aluminum are
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13,14,10
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Oxygen has three isotopes (O-16, O-17 and O-18). Their numbers of neutrons, in sequence
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8,9,10
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Oxidation states: Ca+2; Cl-1. The molecular formula for calcium chloride is
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CaCl2
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The structural formula for magnesium fluoride is
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F-Mg-F
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The chemical reaction HNO3 + KOH ----> KNO3 + H2O is what kind of reaction?
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double replacement
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Nitric acid is an extremely strong acid. So, its concentration of hydrogen ions when dissolved could be close to ___ for a pH of __
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1 x 10^-1; 1
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An anion is made when...
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A neutral atom gains and electron making it negatively charged
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A cation is made when...
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A neutral atom loses and electron making it posotively charged
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