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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Origin
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The point at which a muscle's tendon attaches to the more stationary bone
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Insertion
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The point at which a muscle's tendon attaches to the moveable bone
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Belly
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The largest part of the muscle, which actually contains the muscle cells
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fulcrum
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a fixed point
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A lever
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consists of a rigid bar that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum.
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effort
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an applied force
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Synergistic
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muscles working in groups for a common action
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Antagonistic
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muscles that work in opposite pairs
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prime mover
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When one muscle is more important than the others in creating that motion.
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The function of a lever is to change
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1. the direction of an applied force
2. the distance and speed of movement produced by an applied force 3. the effective strength of an applied force |
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What are the 3 classes of levers?
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1st class
2nd class 3rd class |
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Describe a 1st class lever.
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1.seesaw
2.the fulcrum is in the center, between the applied force and the resistance |
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Describe a 2nd class lever.
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1.wheelbarrow
2.the resistance is in the center, between the applied force and the fulcrum 3.a small force can move a large weight |
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Describe a 3rd class lever.
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1. the most common levers in the body
2. the applied force is in the center, between the resistance and the fulcrum 3. requires a greater force to move a smaller resistance, but maximizes speed and distance traveled |
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What are the 7 items that determine muscle names?
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1. size
2. shape 3. location 4. direction of muscle fiber 5. attachments 6. # of attachments 7. action produced |
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What does bi, tri and quad mean?
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2, 3 and 4
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longus
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(long)
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longissimus
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(longest)
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teres
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(long and round)
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brevis
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(short)
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magnus
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(large)
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major
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(larger)
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maximus
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(largest)
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minor
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(small)
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minimus
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(smallest)
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supra
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above or over
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infra
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below or beneath
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sub
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below or under
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lateralis
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the side
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medialis
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the middle
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inter
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between or among
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external
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outer
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internal
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inner
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superior
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above or over
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inferior
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underneath
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dorsi
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the back
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anterior
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in front of
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flexion
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decreases the angle at a joint
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extension
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increases the angle at a joint
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adduction
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pulls the limb toward the midline
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abduction
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pulls the limb away from the midline
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pronation
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turning the palm downward
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supination
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turning the palm upward
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Axial muscles
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position the head and spinal column, and move the rib cage
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Appendicular muscles
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support the pectoral and pelvic girdles, and the limbs.
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sternocleidomastoid
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rotate and flex the head
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occipitofrontalis
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elevate the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead
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orbicularis oculi
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circles the orbit and is used to close the eye, as in winking
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orbicularis oris
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surrounds the lips and is used to purse them
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buccinator
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or cheek muscle, makes rapid changes in the volume of the oral cavity.
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zygomaticus major
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elevates and draws the corner of the mouth laterally
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zygomaticus minor
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elevates the upper lip
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platysma
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pulls the corners of the mouth down into a frown
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Mastication
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The process of chewing
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temporalis
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muscle elevates the mandible
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masseter
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elevates the mandible, and it can be used to protract the mandible (which means to push the lower jaw forward).
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lateral pterygoid
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depresses (lowers) the mandible. Thus, it is used to open the mouth.
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medial pterygoid
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elevates the mandible (along with the masseter and temporalis) in order to close the mouth.
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Pectoralis major
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flexes arm medially (pull arms forward and together)
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Sternocleidomastoid
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flexion of head toward chest (both contracted)
rotation/abduction of head (as antagonists) |
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Deltoid
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abduction of humerus
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Pectoralis minor
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scapula fixator
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Trapezius
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elevates pectoral girdle
(“shoulder shrug”) |
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Rectus abdominis
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tenses abdominal wall
flexes the vertebral column |
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External Oblique
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flexes the vertebral column but can also rotate it
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Internal Oblique
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flexes the vertebral column but can also rotate it
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Transversus abdominis
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tenses abdominal walldoes not act on the vertebral column
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Latissimus dorsi
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adduction of humerus
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Deltoid
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abduction of humerus
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Supraspinatus
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Rotates the arm in the shoulder joint
(rotator cuff muscle) |
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Infraspinatus
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Rotates the arm in the shoulder joint
(rotator cuff muscle) |
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Teres minor/major
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Rotates the arm in the shoulder joint
(rotator cuff muscle) |
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Subscapularis
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Rotates the arm in the shoulder joint
(rotator cuff muscle) |
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Levator scapulae
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scapula elevation and downward rotation
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Rhomboids minor/major
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The Rhomboids holds the scapula against the thoracic wall
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Biceps Brachii
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flexion of arm at elbow
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Triceps brachii
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extension of arm at elbow
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Brachialis
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flexion of arm at elbow (synergist)
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Brachioradialis
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flexion of arm at elbow (synergist)
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Flexor carpi Radialis
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flexion of wrist
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Flexor carpi Ulnaris
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flexion of wrist
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Palmaris longus
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flexion of wrist
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Pronator teres
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aid the biceps brachii in flexing the forearm, pronation of the forearm at the elbow
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Pronator quadratus
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acts to pronate (turn so the palm faces downwards) the hand
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Supinator
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supinates the forearm
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Flexor digitorum superficialis
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flexes both the wrist and the four fingers (not the thumb) to which it inserts
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extensor carpi radialis longus
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extend and abduct the wrist
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extensor carpi radialis brevis
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extend and abduct the wrist
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extensor carpi ulnaris
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extends the wrist adducts the wrist
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extensor retinaculum
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holds the tendons down as the muscles work
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Extensor digitorum
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extension of wrist/fingers
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Extrinsic hand muscles
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Muscles in the forearm which create motion in the hands
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Intrinsic hand muscles
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Muscles within the hand which create motion in the hand
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