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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
restrictive relative clause
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The girl that is wearing the red shirt is my sister.
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relativized object of a preposition
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I'm longing for those country roads on (which) I played as a child.
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relativized subject
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the children (that) sat around his table touched it with their laughter
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relative pronoun deletion
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The song ( ) she sang to me warmed the night.
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relativized possessive determiner
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The old man (whose) table was made of wood and pride died and no one cried.
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relative adverb substitution
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The Globe was the theater (in which) most of Shakespear's plays were produced.
The Globe Theater was the theater (where) most of Shakespear's plays were produced. |
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relative pronoun+ be deletion
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Harry Potter, (who is) played by Daniel Radcliff, attends Hogwarts.
Harry Potter,( ) played by Daniel Radcliff, attends Hogwarts. |
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head noun deletion
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The Globe is (the theater) where most of Shakespears plays were produced.
The Globe is ( ) where most of Shakespears plays were produced. |
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relative adverb deletion
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Do you remember the time, (when) we first me?
Do you remember the time, ( ) we first me? |
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nonrestrictive relative clause: appositive type
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The students, who are often late, ran quickly down the hall.
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nonrestrictive relative clause: commentary type
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I ate a whole pizza, which did not sit well on my stomach.
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wh-cleft
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Who I blame is the doctor that agreed to help her.
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it-cleft
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It's the fat lip after visiting the dentist that I dislike.
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emphatic do
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I know I can't afford it, but I (do) want to buy a house.
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emphatic reflexive
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The doctor (herself) couldn't believe that the patient survived.
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complementizer
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I heard (that) this movie is good.
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tensed that-clause
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I heard (that this movie is good.)
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complement
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The president insisted (that the company not pay bonuses.)
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subjunctive clause
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The president insisted (that the company not pay bonuses.)
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infinitive
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The bus driver wanted (to throw the kid out the window.)
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gerund
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I regret (drinking all of the gin.)
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purpose infinitive
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The child screamed (to show how angry she was).
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progressive infinitve
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The bartender believed the customers (to be enjoying themselves.)
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perfect infinitive
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The bartender believed the customers to have been enjoying themselves.
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raise to subject
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Everyone seems to want a handout.
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complex NP
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The idea (that I could fail) is ludicrous to me.
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Adjective Complement
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The governor is inclined (to leagalize gay marriage).
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clausal subject
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(That we have to spend such a beautiful day inside) is a shame.
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extrapostition
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It's a shame (that we have to spend such a beautiful day inside).
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easy to please construction
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It is difficult to come up with a sentence.
A sentence is difficult to come up with. |
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reported that-clause
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He said that you are a good friend.
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indirect imperative
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The neighbors asked that we not play the radio so loud.
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indirect information question
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Everyone wanted to know where you were last night.
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indirect yes/no question
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Many people wonder if the economy will get better.
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backshifting
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She said that she was hungry.
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deictic time-adverbial shift
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"We will go to the gym today and the bookstore tomorrow"
She said that we would go to the gym that day and the bookstore the day after. |
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deictic place-adverbial shift
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"We will come back to this restaurant tomorrow."
He said that we would go back to that restaurant tomorrow. |
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deictic pronoun shift
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"I am hungry"
She said that she is hungry. |
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The comparative construction
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Washington DC is farther from here than New York.
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The equative construction
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Albany is as far from here as New York City.
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Irregular comparative adverb
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Bob bowled worse than his son.
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absolute use of adjectives
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Washington DC is far from here.
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use of adverb to express degree.
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Scott jumped higher than Alan during the pole vault.
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Con + bat > Combat
en + bellish > embellish |
labial assimilation
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in+seg+t > insect
nub+t+ial> nuptial |
voicing assimilation
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pronunciation of -s is determined by preceding sound
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progressive (left to right) assimilation
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Ad+cur+ate > accurate
sub + gest > suggest |
Total assimilation
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Define assimilation
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when a vowel or consonant changes to become more similar to a neighboring sound
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Define consonant lenition
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when a stop changes to become a fricative for ease of articulation
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demo+crat+y> democracy
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t lenition
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define vowel lenition or raising
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when a vowel in certain environments is rasied from low to mid front (A - lenition) or mid to high front (E - lenition)
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art > inert
cand > incendiary |
A lenition
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define palatalization
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Alveolar fricative /s/ that results from t lenition followed by alveopalatal glide /y/ changes further to /sh/
EX: eu+than+at+i > euthanasia |
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define affrication
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t lenition that becomes /tsh/
EX: statue |
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inertia and patient are examples of . . .
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palatalization
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literature and virtue are examples of. . .
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affrication
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ex + lev + ate > elevate
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X - drop
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ex + spire > expire
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S degemenation
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an +gnos + tic > agnostic
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N- Drop
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anger + y > angry
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Syllable syncopation
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an+theo+ism > atheism
two vowels across morphemes |
Vowel drop in hiatus
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define epenthesis
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inserting a sound between two other sounds.
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single + ar > singular
table + ate> tabulate |
vowel epenthesis
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assume + tion > assumption
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consonante epenthesis
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define fossilized allomorphs
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forms that are historically related, however their diffrences cannot be explained by an active and transparent phonetic rule
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ges + t + ure > gesture
vs. ges + und > gerund |
Rhotacism
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genetic - gonorrhea - cognate
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gradation
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triad - third
nurture - nutrition |
metathesis
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define Homophony
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morphemes that sound alike
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agnostic, avenue, afloat
diorama, differ, dilemma |
affix homophony
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abrade, radical radial
melody, melanoma, mellifluous |
root homophony
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define scope in semantic change
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the range which the meaning of a word covers
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define narrowing in scope
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the meaning is more restricted than it used to be
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define widening in scope
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the meaning is broader than it used to be
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define status in semantic change
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the positive or negative associations of a word
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define amelioration in status
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the word has a more positive meaning than it once did
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define pejoration in status
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the word has a more negative meaning than it once did.
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