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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Characteristics of US foreign policy post WWII |
US developed a foreign policy based on collective security and a multilateral economic framework that strengthened non-communist nations |
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Methods of communist containment |
Military engagements in Korea and Vietnam |
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Foreign involvement fluctuations during cold war |
Between periods of direct and indirect military confrontation and periods of mutual coexistence. |
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Alliances during Cold War |
Postwar decolonization and emergence of powerful nationalist movements in Asia, Africa, Middle East led both sides in Cold War to seek allies among new nations, many remaining neutral. |
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Effects of Cold War competition in Latin America |
US supported non-communist government with varying levels of commitment to democracy |
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Causes and effects of US involvement in Middle East |
Ideological, military, and economic concerns shaped US involvement in the Middle East. Several oil crises in region eventually sparking attempts at creating national energy policy |
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Debated policies to root out communists within US |
Both parties tended to support broader Cold War strategy of containing communism |
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Causes of Anti-War movements in US |
Vietnam War |
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Debates concerning foreign and military involvement |
Merits if larger nuclear arsenal "military-industrial complex" appropriate power of executive branch in conducting foreign/military policy |
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Strategy used to combat racial discrimination |
Legal challenges, direct action, and nonviolent protests tactics to combat racial discrimination |
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Methods to promote greater racial justice |
Di segregation of the armed services: Brown v. Board, Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
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Effects of white resistance to disegregation |
Social/political crises among nation, tensions among civil rights activists over tactical/philosophical issues increased after 1965 |
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Equality for other groups besides African Americans |
Activists began to question society's assumptions about gender and to call for social and economic equality for women and gays/lesbians. Latinos, American Indians, and Asian Americans began to demand social and economic equality and redress of past injustices. |
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Causes and effects of movement to address poverty |
Advocates raised awareness of prevalence/persistence of poverty as a national problem, sparking efforts to address issue |
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Lyndon Johnson's Great Society |
Used federal power to end racial discrimination, eliminate poverty, and address other social issues while attacking communism abroad |
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Unintentional consequences of the realization of liberal ideas |
Helped energize a new conservative movement that mobilized to defend traditional visions of morality and the proper role of state authority |
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Arguments against liberal results |
Groups claiming they did too little to transform the racial and economic status at home, pursued immoral policies abroad |
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Effects of federal spending, baby boom, and technological development |
Burgeoning private sector, continued federal spending, helped spur economic growth, middle-class sub-urbanization, social mobility, a rapid expansion of higher education, and rise of "SunBelt" as political and economic force |
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Causes of challenges to conformity by artists and youth |
Economic, social challenges, in addition to the anxiety by Cold War |
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Conservative approach to non-conformity |
Increasingly promoted their own values and ideology |
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Effects of economic boom on immigration |
Internal and external migrants sought access to economic boom and other benefits o US, especially after passage of new immigration laws in 1965 |
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Response to the abuse of natural resources |
Activists/legislatures began to call for conservation measures and a fight against pollution |
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Family structure of Americans after WWII |
Undergoing profound changes as number of working women increased, many social attitudes changed |
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Counterculture movement of 1960's |
Young people that participated rejected many social, economic, and political values of their parents' generation, initiated a sexual revolution and introduced greater informality into US culture |
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Conservatives v.Liberals |
Argued over many new social issues, power of presidency and the federal government, and movements for greater individual rights |
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Period 9 |
1980-present |
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Causes of public decline of trust in government |
Declined in 1970's, economic challenges, political scandals, foreign policy "failures" and a sense of social/moral decay |
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Sources of opposition to liberal trends |
Rapid growth pf evangelical and fundamentalist Christian churches/organizations as well as increased political participation by some groups |
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Conservative victories and losses |
Conservatives: significant victories in taxation/deregulation of many industries, conservative efforts to advance moral ideals through politics met opposition |
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Reasons for government expansion after 1980 |
Many programs remained popular with voters and difficult to reform or eliminate |
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Reagan's and Gorbachev's arms reductions |
Reagan, initially rejected detente that increased defense spending, military action. Later developed a friendly relationship with Soviet leader Gorbachev, leading significant arms reductions by both countries |
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Ideological impact of end of Cold War |
New diplomatic relationships, new US military., peacemaking interventions, and debates over the nature of American power in the world |
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Effects of World Trade Center bombing |
US decision making launched foreign policy/military efforts against terrorism and controversial conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq |
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Questions concerning war on terror |
War on terrorism sought to improve security withing the US but also raised questions about protection of civil liberties and human rights |
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Reasons for increased economic inequality |
Economic inequality increased after 1980 as US manufacturing jobs eliminated union membership declined, and real wages stagnated for middle class |
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Sources of policy debates in 21st century |
Policy debates intensified over free trade agreements, size of government social safety net, calls to reform US financial system |
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Causes of environmental concerns in 21st century |
Conflict in Middle East, concerns about climate change led to debated over US dependence on fossil fuels. Impact of economic consumption on environment |
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Effects of the spread of computer technology |
Increased access to information and led to new social behaviors and networks |
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Causes and effects of migration to southern and western US |
After 198-, political economic, and cultural influences of the American Southwest continued to increase as population shifted to those areas, fueled in by migration from regions that had not been heavily represented; Latin America |
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Effects of new immigrants |
Supplied economy with labor force and became focus in political, economic and cultural debates |
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Debates caused by demographic changes |
Intensifies debated about gender roles, family structures, and racial/national identity |