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193 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Colostrum |
First milk-like substance produced by the female after parturition. |
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Abscess |
Localized collection of pus. |
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Epulis |
Benign tumor arising from periodontal mucous membranes. |
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Malocclusion |
Abnormal position of teeth that results in faulty meeting of the teeth or jaws. |
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Occlusion |
Relation of the teeth of both jaws during functional activity. |
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Palatoschisis |
Cleft palate. |
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Bolus |
Rounded mass of food. In the case of pharmaceuticals, it refers to the preparation ready to be swallowed. |
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Defecation |
Passage of feces from the anus to the outside of the body; elimination. |
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Diaphragm |
Thin, muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. |
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Flatulence |
Presence of gas in the stomach and intestines; flatus. |
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Mastication |
Chewing. |
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Anorexia |
Lack of appetite. |
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Ascites |
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. |
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Atresia |
Closure of a normal body opening. |
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Biopsy |
Removal of tissue for microscopic examination. |
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Borborygmus |
Rumbling noises caused by the movement of gas or fluid through the GI tract. |
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Cachexia |
General ill health and malnutrition. |
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Diarrhea |
Rapid movement of feces through the GI tract; loose, watery stool. |
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Emaciation |
Marked wasting or excessive leanness. |
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Enema |
Introduction of fluid into the rectum to promote defecation. |
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Etiology |
Study of the cause of disease. |
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Gastric dilatation volvulus |
Abnormal condition in which the stomach fills with air, expands, and then twist on itself. This is a common problem in large breed dogs, particularly the deep-chested breeds. "Bloat" |
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Gavage |
Forced feeding or irrigation though a tube passed into the stomach. |
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Hematochezia |
Bright, red, fresh blood from the rectum |
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Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis |
Acute condition in dogs causing vomiting and bloody diarrhea leading to dehydration, heart failure, and eventually death. |
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Hepatic lipidosis |
Accumulation of fat in the liver that leads to liver damage. Disease typically occurs in cats after a period of anorexia. |
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Idiopathic |
When the cause of disease is neither known nor understood. |
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Inappetence |
Lack of appetite. |
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Incontinence |
Inability to control excretory functions (defecation or urination) |
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Intussusception |
Telescoping of intestines. |
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Jaundice |
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive bilirubin in the blood. |
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Lethargy |
Condition of drowsiness or indifference |
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Malaise |
A vague feeling of bodily discomfort. |
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Melena |
Black tarry stool; blood in feces. |
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Nausea |
Upset stomach and a tendency to vomit. |
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Obstruction |
Complete stoppage or impairment of passage. |
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Palpation |
Method of examining the internal body by touching and feeling. |
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Perenteral |
Route of administration other than oral. |
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Regurgitate |
Passive event in which swallowed food is returned to the oral cavity. |
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Spasm |
Sudden, involuntary contraction. |
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Stasis |
Stopping or controlling. |
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Stenosis |
Tightening, narrowing, or stricture. |
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Trichobezoar |
Hairball |
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Anemia |
Decrease in RBCs and/or hemoglobin |
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Carcinoma |
Malignant tumor arising from epithelial tissue. |
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Sarcoma |
Malignant tumor arising from connective OR nonepithelial tissue. |
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Leukemia |
Increase in the number of cancerous WBCs. |
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Diagnosis |
Estimation of cause of disease |
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Prognosis |
Estimation of disease outcome |
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Benign |
Not malignant, non-invasive; not spreading |
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Malignant |
Tending to become progressively worse |
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Evisceration |
Displacement of internal organs outside the cavity that should contain them |
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Hernia |
Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structure that should contain |
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Prolapse |
Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a natural opening |
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Achondroplasia |
Hereditary condition in which the bones and cartilage of limbs fail to grow to normal size. dwarfism. |
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Amputation |
Removal of a limb or other appendage |
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Crepitation |
Crackling sounds produce by the grating of broken bones. |
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Dislocation |
Displacement of a bone from its joint |
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Fracture |
Sudden breaking of bone |
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Laminectomy |
Removal of part of the vertebral arch to relieve pressure from a ruptured IVD |
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Lordosis |
Downward or ventral curvature of the lumbar spine; swayback |
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Orthopedic |
Branch of sx pertaining to skeletal system
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Osteoprosis |
Decreased bone density due to loss of bone tissue. Bones become porous and fragile such that they can break easily. |
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Lameness |
Incapable of normal locomotion |
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Luxation |
Displacement of a bone from its joint |
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Subluxation |
Partial displacement of a bone from its joint |
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Abduction |
Movement away from midline of body |
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Adduction |
Movement toward the midline of body |
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Atrophy |
No development due to a decrease from the normal cell size |
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Hyperplasia |
Increased development due to an increase in cell numbers |
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Hypertrophy |
Excessive development due to an increase in cell size |
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hypoplasia |
Incomplete development due to decrease in cell numbers |
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Tenosynovitis |
Inflammation of the tendon and tendon sheath. Seen with chronic arthritis |
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Tetany |
Continuous muscle spasms or twitching |
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Mucous Membranes |
Specialized form of epithelial tissue that secretes mucus |
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Mucus |
Slimy substance produced by mucous membranes |
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Agonal |
Repirations near death. |
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Antitussives |
Substances used to control and prevent coughing |
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Asphyxia
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Blockage of breathing leading to hypoxia |
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Asthma |
Chronic, inflammatory disorder marked by dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and wheezing
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Atelectasis
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Incomplete dilation of a lung (alveoli) |
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Ausceltation |
Listening with a stethoscope to sounds within the body |
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Emphysema |
Lung disease caused by enlargement of alveoli |
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Epistaxis |
Nosebleed |
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Hyperpnea |
Increased depth of breathing |
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Hypopnea |
Slow/Shallow breathing |
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Palliative |
Relieving symptoms, but not curing |
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Percussion |
Tapping a surface to determine the density of the underlying structure |
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Phlegm |
Thick mucus excreted in large quantities |
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Pleural effusion |
Escape of fluid into the pleural cavity |
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Pneumonia |
Acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli |
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Purulent |
Containing pus |
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Stridor |
Strained shrill heard during inspiration due to an airway obstruction |
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Distichiasis |
Double row of eyelashes causing irritation to the conjunctiva |
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Ectropion |
Turning outward of the eyelid |
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Entropion |
Turning inward of the eyelid |
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Enucleation |
Removal of the eyball |
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Follicular ophthalmitis |
Hypertrophy and prolapse of the nictitating membrane. "Cherry eye" |
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Glaucoma |
Increased intraocular pressure resulting in damage to the eye |
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Nystagmus |
Rhythmic, rapid, back and forth movement of the eyes |
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Proptosis |
Forward displacement of the eye from its orbit |
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Cerumen (commonly called ear wax) |
Waxy substance secreted by the sebaceous glands in the auditory canal. |
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Ablation |
Separation, detachment, or removal by cutting. most often associated with removal of the external ear canal in cases of neoplasia or chronic otitis. |
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Aural hematoma |
Mass or collection of blood in the ear flap. |
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Vertigo |
Sense of dizziness. |
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Aneurysm |
Sac formed by weakening of a blood vessel. Can lead to hemorrhage and stroke. |
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Arrythmia |
Abnormal heart rhythm |
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Cardiac tamponade |
Compression of the heart due to fluid or blood in the pericardial sac. |
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Congenital heart disease |
Abnormalities of the heart at birth. |
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Capillary refill time |
The time it takes for mm to return to a normal pink color after applying finger pressure. |
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Defibrillation |
Use of electrical shock to restore normal hearth rhythm. |
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Echocardiogram |
High-frequency sound waves and echoes that produce an image of the heart. |
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Embolish |
Blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material. |
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Embolus |
A detached, moving clot |
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Fibrillation |
Rapid, random, and irregular contractions of the heart. |
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Flutter |
Rapid but regular contractions of the atria and ventricles. |
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Hypertension |
Increased bp |
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Hypotension |
Decreased bp |
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Hypoxia |
Decreased oxygen to tissues |
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Infarcation |
Area of dead tissue |
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Ischemia |
Lack of blood flow to tissues |
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Murmur |
An extra heart sound |
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Occlusion |
Blockage; obstruction or closure of body passage |
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Patent |
Open; unobstructed. Term can be used to describe vessels and catheters. |
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) |
Condition in which the small duct between the aurta and pulmonary artery, which normally closes after bird, remains open. |
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Perfusion |
Passage of fluid through the blood vessels of a specific organ; blood flow through the tissue |
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Pericardial effusion |
Escape of fluid into the pericardial sac leading to cardiac tamponade. |
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Premature ventricular contraction |
Ventricles are triggered to contract by the Purkinje fibers rather than the SA node. |
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Shock |
Inadequate tissue perfusion. Blood pools in the capillaries to increase the blood volume of the patient, which then decreases its flow to vital organs. |
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Sphygmomanometer |
Instrument that measures arterial blood pressure. |
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Thrombus |
Stationary clot attache to the wall of a vessel. |
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Agglutination |
Clumping of RBCs; technically this is the joining of antibodies and antigens. |
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Rouleaux |
Stacking of RBCs; this is due to a "sticky" surface on the cells from high levels of antibodies. |
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Coagulation |
Blood clotting |
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Exsanguination |
Extensive blood loss due to internal or external hemorrhage. |
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Macrophages |
Monocytes that migrate from teh blood to the tissue; large phagocytes. Exist in liver, spleen, and bone marrow. |
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Plasma vs. Serum |
Plasma - Fluid portion of anticoagulated or circulating blood Serum - Fluid portion of coagulated blood. |
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Hematocrit |
The percentage of RBC in a volume of blood. (PCV) |
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Icterus |
Yellowish coloration of the plasma. Caused by increased bilirubin. |
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Leukemia |
Increase in cancerous WBCs. |
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Lipemia |
Fat in the blood. Term is most often used to describe a white plasma color. |
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Interstitial Fluid |
Fluid in the spaces between cells; extracellular fluid in tissues. |
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Anaphylaxis |
Exaggerated hypersensitivity to a foreign substance. |
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Autoimmune disease |
Disease in which the body makes antibodies against its own good cells and tissues. |
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Edema |
Excess fluid (interstitial fluid) in tissues. |
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Immunosuppression |
Impaired immune response; also known as immunocompromised |
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Lymphoma |
Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue |
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Toxin |
A poison |
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Zoonotic |
Disease capable of being transmitted from animals to humans |
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Sebum |
Oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands |
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Ungulates |
Hooved animals |
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Abrasion |
Wound caused by scraping of teh skin or mucous membranes |
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Abscess |
Localized collection of pus |
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Alopecia |
Absence of hair in areas where it normally grows |
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Atopy |
Hypersensitivity reaction characterized by pruritus and dermatitis. |
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Contusion |
A bruise; injury to tissue without breaking the skin. Characterized by pain, swelling, and tenderness due to broken blood vessels. |
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Culture |
Procedure used to grow microbes in certain types of media |
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Cyst |
Thick-walled sac containing fluid or semisolid material |
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Debridement |
Removal of contaminated tissue or foreign material to expose healthy tissue. |
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Degloving |
Injury in which is separated from its underlying structures. Often HBC. |
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Ecchymosis |
Bluish-black mark on the skin. |
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Erythema |
Widespread redness on the skin. Caused by congestion of capillary bed due to skin injury or infection. |
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Eczema |
Generalized term for any superficial inflammation characterized by erythema, pruritus, and oozing blisters which form scabs. |
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Fissure |
Deep crack in the skin |
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Fistula
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Abnormal tube-like passageway that can occur anywhere on the body. |
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Hidrosis |
Sweating |
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Laceration |
Wound caused by tearing. |
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Lance |
To cut or incise with a sharp instrument |
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Lesion |
Abnormal change in tissue. The changes can be pathological or due to trauma. |
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Melanoma |
Malignant tumor of the skin |
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Nodule |
A small, rounded mass |
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Papilloma |
Benign epithelial growth found on the skin or mucous membranes. Skin tag |
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Petechia/petechiae |
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages |
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Pruritus |
Itching |
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Purpura |
Condition of hemorrhaging into the skin creating a bruise |
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Purulent |
Containing pus. |
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Trichobezoar |
Hairball |
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Urticaria |
Red, raised patches on the skin commonly called hives |
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Wheal |
Localized area of swelling that itches |
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Voiding |
Emptying or urine from the bladder. |
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Azotemia/Urenia |
Increase in non-protein nitrogenous wastes in blood. |
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Calculus |
Another name for a stone. |
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Diuresis |
Increased excretion of urine |
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Enuresis |
Inability to control excretion |
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Perineal urethrostomy |
New opening in the area between the anus and scrotum. |
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Pollakiuria |
Frequent urination |
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Stranguria |
Straining to urinate; slow or painful urination |
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Castration |
Removal of gonads (sex organs) |
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Cryptorchism/cryptorchidism |
When one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum. |
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Neuter |
Removal of gonads.
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Meconium |
First feces of a newborn |
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Neonate |
Newborn |
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Parturition |
Act of birthing |