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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the "DDrAPJLLL" causes of generalized itching
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D- Dry Skin
Dr- Drug Reaction A- Aging P- Pregnancy J- Jaundice L- Lymphomas L- Leukemia L- Lice |
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What percentage of melanomas are initially detected by the patient?
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approximately 50%
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Why is it important to refrain from using artificial light when performing a skin examination?
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distorts colors and masks jaundice
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Name 4 causes of pallor
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1. decreased redness in anemia
2. decreased blood flow 3. fainting 4. arterial insufficiency |
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Advanced lung disease, congenital heart disease, and hemoglobinopathies all cause_____
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central cyanosis
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name two causes of peripheral cyanosis
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CHF- due to decreased blood flow
Venous Obstruction |
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in Pulmonary edema, where is cyanosis usually found?
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centrally
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The presence of jaundice suggests_______
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1. liver disease
2. excessive hemolysis of RBCs |
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yellow coloration due to high levels of carotene in the palms, soles, and face is signified in ______
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Carotenemia
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The skin is _____________ in hypothyroidism; The skin is __________ in acne.
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dry; oily
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you find generalized warmth in____
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1. fever
2. hyperthyroidism |
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you find coolness of the skin in_____
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hypothyroidism
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you find local warmth of inflammation in _____________
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cellulitis
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the skin is rough in ___________
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hypothyroidism
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The skin is velvety in _________
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hyperthyroidism
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you will find a decreased mobility of the skin in ___________
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1. edema
2. scleroderma |
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you will find decreased turgor of the skin in ______________
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dehydration
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skin disease that is distributed on face, upper chest, and back
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acne
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skin disease that affects primarily the knees and elbows
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psoriasis
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skin disease that is distributed in primarily the intertriginous areas
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Candida
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vesicles in a unilateral dermatomal pattern
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herpes zoster
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local redness of the skin warns of ______________
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impending necrosis- although some deep pressure sores develop without antecedent redness. Ulcers may be visible
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Hair loss- either diffuse, patchy, or total
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alopecia
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sparse hair is common in ________
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hypothyroidism
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fine, silky hair is common in _________
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hyperthyroidism
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"marked facial pallor with circumoral cyanosis. Palms cold and moist. cyanosis of nailbeds of fingers and toes. one raised blue-black nevus, 1 x 2 cm, irregular border on right forearm. no rash"
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suggests: central cyanosis and possible melanoma
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"facial plethora. skin icteric. spider angioma over anterior torso. Palmor erythema. single pearly papule with depressed center and telangiectasias 1 x 1 cm on posterior neck above collarline. no suspicious nevi. nails with clubbing but no cyanosis."
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suggests: possible liver disease and basal cell carcinoma
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bluish color
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cyanosis
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yellowing skin, especially sclera and mucous membranes.
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jaundice
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yellowish palm, normal sclera
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carotenemia
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red hue, increased blood flow
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erythema
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violaceous eruption over eyelids
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heliotrope
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reddish oval ringworm-like lesions
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pityriasis rosea
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silvery scaly lesions, mainly on extensor surfaces
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psoriasis
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tan, flat, scaly lesion
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tinea versicolor
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open & closed comedones, occasional papules
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mild acne
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comedones, papules, pustules
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moderate acne
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many comedones, papules, and pustules
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severe cystic acne
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acne with pitting and scars is an example of a _____________
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secondary lesion
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Name 3 important vascular lesions
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1. spider angioma
2. spider vein 3. cherry angioma |
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fiery red, small lesion with central body that is surrounded by erythema and radiating legs that is blanchable
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spider angioma
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bluish lesion with variable shape and size that cannot be centrally blanched but can be diffusely that is most often on the legs and anterior chest
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spider vein
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bright, round lesion often surrounded by a pale halo that can only show partial blanching especially if using a pinpoint that is usually located on the trunk and/or extremities
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cherry angioma
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deep red/purpule purpuric lesion that is rounded and non-blanchable
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petechia/purpura
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what do petechia suggest
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bleeding disorder or emboli to skin
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purple/blue lesions that fade to green, then yellow, and finally brown that are not blanchable
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ecchymosis
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what can cause ecchymosis
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1. secondary to bruising/trauma
2. bleeding disorders |
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superficial, flat papules covered by a dry scale that are pink, tan, or gray on sun-exposed skin of older, pale adults.
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actinic keratosis
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what can actinic keratosis turn into
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squamous cell carcinoma
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what signs suggest that an AK is turning into a SCC
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1. rapid growth
2. induration 3. redness at base 4. ulceration |
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common, benign, yellow/brown raised lesion that has a "stuck on" greasy appearance on the trunk of older people
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seborrheic keratosis
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a slowly growing malignant tumor that seldom metastasizes that is common in fair-skinned adults 40+ years old
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basal cell carcinoma
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Describe the lesion associated with basal cell carcinoma
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initial translucent nodule that spreads, leaving a depressed center and a firm, elevated border. There are often telangiectatic vessels that are visible.
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cancer appearing on sun-exposed skin of pale adults 60+ years old
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squamous cell carcinoma
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Differentiate between a basal cell carcinoma and a squamous cell carcinoma
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SCC- grows faster, is firmer, and looks redder.
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where are SCC usually found?
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on back of hand and face
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clearly demarcated round patches of hair loss in young adults/children without scaling/inflammation
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alopecia areata
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hair loss from pulling; hair shafts are broken and of various lengths
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trichotillomania
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round, scaling patches of baldness where hairs are broken off close to the surface of the scalp
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tinea capitis
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superficial infection of proximal/lateral nail folds adjacent to the nail plate that appear red, tender, and swollen
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paronychia
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bulbous swelling of soft tissue at the nail base with loss of the normal angle between the nail and the proximal nail fold
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clubbing
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painless separation of nail plate from pink nail bed
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oncholysis
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nail plate turns white with a ground-glass appearance, and a distal band of brown/red, and there is obliteration of the lunula
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terry's nails
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nonuniform white spots that grow out in the nails
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leukonychia
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curving transverse white bands that cross the nail parallel to the lunula
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transverse white bands (Mees Lines)
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transverse depressions of the nail plates, bilaterally, due to disruption of proximal nail growth from systemic illness
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transverse linear depressions (beau's lines)
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punctate depressions of the nail plate caused by defective layering of the superficial nail plate by the proximal nail matrix
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pitting
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