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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Name the directional references. |
Superior (head), Inferior (bottom half), Cranial (back of head), Caudal (back of butt), Posterior (dorsal; back), Anterior (ventral; front), Proximal (shoulder, thigh), Distal (hand, feet), Medial (middle of stomach), Lateral (arm) |
SICCPAPDML |
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Anatomical Position |
Standing upright with palms facing forward. |
The corpse pose |
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Ab Quads |
Right Upper Quadrant, Left Upper Quadrant, Right Lower Quadrant, Left Left Quadrant |
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ |
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Ab regions |
Right and Left hypochondriac, Right and Left lumbar, Right and Left inguinal, Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric (pubic) |
RL hypochon, epigas, RL lumbar, umbilical, RL inguinal, hypogas |
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Name 3 planes. State the division. |
Transverse: divides body into superior and inferior Frontal (coronal): anterior and posterior Sagittal: left and right (Midsagittal: exactly down the middle) |
Trans, Frontal, Sagittal
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Body cavity |
Internal chambers holding vital organs; allows organs to change shape and size |
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Name the 2 body cavities. |
Dorsal body cavity and Ventral body cavity |
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What does the 2 body cavities include? |
Dorsal: cranial and spinal cavity Ventral: thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity |
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Thoracic Cavities |
Contains the heart and lungs; subdivided into the left and right pleural cavities and mediastinum |
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Pleural Cavities |
Subdivision of thoracic cavity; contains one lung lined by the visceral and parietal pleura |
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Mediastinum Cavities |
Subdivision of thoracic cavity; contains the pericardium (serous membrane that surrounds the heart) |
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Abdominopelvic Cavity |
Lined by the peritoneum; extends from the diaphragm to pelvis (liver, stomach, spleen, large intestine) |
Perito from dia to pel drinks, eats, cleans and digests. |
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Pelvic Cavity |
Pelvis area with a floor of muscle (sex organs, bladder, large intestine) |
Sex, pee, more digesting |
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What are tissues? |
Collections of specialized cells and organized cell products to perform functions |
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What is Histology? |
Study of tissues
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Name the 4 types of tissues. |
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous |
Epicon must be nervous |
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Epithelial Tissue |
Glands (secretory) and epithelium; avascular; forms protective blanket to regulate permeability; cells show polarity |
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What are the functions of epithelium? |
Physical protection, control permeability, provide sensation, produce specialized secretions |
4 functions; think skin |
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Specializations of epithelium |
Perform secretory and transport functions, maintain physical integrity, ciliated ones move materials across their surfaces |
3 things; performing, maintaining and moving |
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What is the structure of a typical epithelium? |
Basal Lamina (lamina lucida and densa); germinative cells replace short-lived ones |
Basal and its Lucy and Deny |
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3 cell shapes of Epithelia |
Squamous, Cuboidal and Columnar |
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Numbers of cell layers |
Simple and stratified |
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Squamous epithelium |
Simple: alveoli of lungs and inner lining of cornea Stratified: skin and lining of mouth |
Simple: breath and see Strat: feel and eat |
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Cuboidal epithelium |
Simple: glands and ducts Stratified: linings of some ducts (rare) |
Simple: sweat Strat: quack |
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Columnar epithelium |
Simple: gallbladder and intestine Pseudostratified ciliated: lining of nasal cavity and trachea Strat: epiglottis and anus Transitional: bladder and renal pelvis |
Simple: bile and digest Pseudostrat: in the nose and windpipe Strat: swallow and poop Trans: pee and hip thrusts |
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2 types of Glandular epithelia |
Exocrine gland: secrete through ducts onto surface Endocrine gland: releases hormones into surrounding fluid |
Teenage tears |
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State the 3 kinds of Grandular secretions. |
Merocrine (product released by exocytosis) Apocrine (loss of product and cytoplasm) Holocrine (destroys the cell) |
Mero lets his Ex go after the destructive Holocaust and after losing Apo. |
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Name the simple exocrine glands. |
Simple Tubular, Simple coiled tubular, simple branched, simple alveolar, simple branched alveolar |
5 kinds. |
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Name the compound exocrine glands. |
Compound tubular, compound alveolar, compound tubuloalveolar |
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Give examples for each of the simple exocrine glands. |
Tubular: intestinal glands Coiled tubular: sweat glands Branched tubular: tongue Alveolar: not found in adults; only a stage Branched alveolar: oil glands |
4 examples, 1 is a stage |
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Give examples for each compound gland. |
Tubular: mucous mouth glands Alveolar: mammary glands Tubuloalveolar: salivary glands |
3 examples |
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Functions of Connective Tissue |
Establishes structure, transports fluids, protects delicate organs, supports, surrounds and interconnects tissues, stores energy reserves and defends body |
8 functions |
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3 types of connective tissues |
Connective Tissue Proper, Fluid Connective Tissues, Supporting Connective Tissues |
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Examples for each connective tissues |
CTP: Loose and Dense FCT: Blood and Lymph SCT: Cartilage and Bone |
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What do connective tissues contain? |
Specializes cells and matrix (protein fibers and ground substance) |
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Connective Tissue Proper |
Varied cell populations, various fiber types and syrupy ground substance, classified as loose or dense |
4 characteristics |
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Fluid Connective Tissue |
Contains distinctive cell population, watery ground substance with dissolved proteins |
2 characteristics |
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Supporting Connective Tissue |
Small cell population, dense ground substance, closely packed fibers |
3 characteristics |
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Types of cells found in connective tissue |
Macrophage, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, melanocytes, mast cells, lymphocytes, and microphages |
9 cells; mac adi mesen fib mel ma lym mic |
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3 types of fiber found in Connective Tissue Proper |
Collagen, Reticular and Elastic |
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Adipose Tissue |
Deep to skin especially butt and sides |
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CTP loose |
Embryonic mesenchyme, areolar tissue, adipose and reticular tissue |
4 types |
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CTP dense |
Dense regular and irregular CT |
2 types |
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Where is Adipose Tissue located? |
Deep to skin esp. at sides and butt |
Blogilates' "Picture Perfect" and "WMYB" |
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Where is Reticular Tissue found? |
Liver, kidney, spleen |
Drink clean, filtered water! |
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Dense regular CT location |
Between skeletal muscles and skeleton |
Bones |
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Dense irregular CT location |
Nerve and muscle sheaths; dermis |
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Elastic Tissue |
Between vertebrae; in blood vessel walls |
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Blood |
Formed elements (RBC, WBC and platelets) and plasma, arteries carry blood away, veins carry toward heart, capillaries allow diffusion into the interstitial fluid |
5 things to know
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Lymph |
Interstitial fluid in the lymphatic vessels |
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Characteristics of cartilage |
Grows via interstitial and appositional growth, matrix containing chondroitin sulfate, called chondrocytes, found in lacunae, perichondrium separates cartilage from tissues |
5 characteristics |
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Types of cartilage and location |
Hyaline: between tips of ribs and bones of sternum Elastic: auricle of external ear Fibrocartilage: pads within knee joints |
3 types |
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Bone or osseus tissue |
Has osteocytes, little ground substance, dense matrix, surrounded by periosteum |
Little, dense Peri has osteoporosis
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Membranes |
Form a barrier, composed of epithelium and CT, 4 types |
3 characteristics |
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4 types of membranes |
Cutaneous, Synovial, Serous and Mucous |
Cut Syn Ser Muc |
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Mucous membranes |
Line cavities that work with the exterior, contain lamina propria |
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Serous membranes |
Line sealed internal cavities, form transudate |
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Cutaneous membranes |
Cover the body surface |
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Synovial membrane |
Incompletely lining within join cavities |
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3 types of CT network |
Superficial fascia, Deep fascia, Subserous fascia |
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Features of muscle tissue |
Specialized for contraction |
Flex your biceps |
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3 types of muscle tissue |
Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth
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Skcarsmoo |
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Locations of 3 types of muscle tissues |
Skeletal: combined with CT and NT in skeletal muscles Cardiac: Heart Smooth: blood vessels, walls of respiratory organs |
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Characteristics of skeletal muscle |
Multinucleate, striated voluntary muscle, satellite cells |
3 things to remember |
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Cardiac muscle |
Cardiocytes, striated involuntary muscle, pacemaker for contraction |
3 things, 1 is opposite to the skeletal muscle |
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Smooth muscle tissue |
Non-striated involuntary muscle, divide and regenerate |
The Doctor |
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Neural Tissue |
Conducts electrical impulses, conveys info from one place to another, neurons: transmit info, neuroglia: support neural tissue and help supply nutrients to neurons |
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What makes a neuron? |
Cell body, dendrites and axon |
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Card Back |
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