Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Biology
|
The Study of Life
|
|
How is something defined as living
|
Organized, Acquire materials and energy, Respond to the environment, Reproduce and develop, Adapt
|
|
How are living organisms organized
|
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Body
|
|
Where in Biology do we see uniformity
|
At molecular and population levels
|
|
Where in biology do we see diversity
|
At the organism level. Used to classify animals
|
|
what are the steps of the scientific method
|
observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, analysis
|
|
what can and can't the scientific method be used to evaluate
|
past can't be tested. Neither can genies and gods. Can test natural causes of the natural world.
|
|
where do we find hydrogen bonds in the cell
|
in the bonding of water
|
|
what is a redox reaction - why is this important in biology
|
when one compound is oxidized, the other is reduced. This is called a redox reaction.
|
|
what 4 elements make up 96% of living matter
|
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
|
|
what are the properties of water
|
it is polar, has hydrogen bonding between molecules, has a high specific heat, is less dense as a solid, is a good solvent.
|
|
why is it important that ice floats
|
eventually all bodies of water would freeze solid. Only the top few inches would thaw during the summers.
|
|
what are the four organic (macro) molecules.
|
carbohydrates, lypids, proteins, nucleic acid
|
|
how are proteins denatured
|
temperature, PH, salt concentration.
|
|
what are the jobs of the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast in an eukaryotic cell
|
nucleus holds the DNS, Mitrochondria is the powerplant(produces ATP), and Chloroplast performs photosynthesis.
|
|
what are membranes composed of and what are their functions
|
membranes seperate different compartments. Phospholipids
|
|
compare and contrast active and passive types of membrane transport
|
passive is diffusion and osmosis. Active is done by transport proteins and pumps.
|
|
how do you kill a plant or animal cell with osmosis
|
with a plant give it take away water. With a human cell have to much water.
|
|
what is cellular respiration and fermentation
|
CR is extracting energy from organic molecules(usually glucose). Fermentation is what happens when oxygen is removed.
|
|
what is photosynthesis
|
is transforming light into energy.
|
|
how are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related. Which one has a faster rate
|
cellular respiration is usually the faster of the two. the to processes counter each other. Each uses the others products.
|
|
why are plants green
|
they reflect that portion of the light in the visible spectrum
|
|
most of life gets its energy from ______ and its sugars from ______
|
the sun, plants.
|
|
compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis
|
meiosis produces gamets and makes four cells from 1. mitosis creates somata cells and makes two cells from 1
|
|
what is crossing over and why is it important
|
during meiosis when two chromosomes are in close proximity a random portion of the chromosomes can swap. The causes more genetic variation in offspring that would happen if crossing over did not occur.
|
|
who is mendel, and what did he discover.
|
father of genetics. Discovered Inheritance.
|
|
what is a gene, and what is an allele
|
gene is a DNA sequence that codes for a protein. Allele is the varients of a gene
|
|
what is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles.
|
domonite copies override recessive copies of genes. for a recessive to be expressed it must have two copies of itself.
|
|
how do you complete a punnet square (for 1 or two genes)
|
use the actually punnet square(not probability)
|
|
who is morgan, and what did he discover
|
worked with fruit flies and discovered sex linked inheritance.
|
|
who are James Watson and Francis Crick and what did they discover.
|
the structure of DNA. Double Helix
|
|
How is DNA replicated, and how is the message conserved.
|
starts at origin of replication. always happens from 5' to 3' prime direction. Results in leading and lagging strand.
|
|
what is the central dogma
|
protein synthesis. Information flows in one direction. From DNA to RNA to protein
|
|
compare and contrast transcription and translation
|
transcription is DNA to RNA. Uses DNA Polymerase. Translation is RNA to protein uses a Ribosome.
|
|
compare and contrast DNA and RNA
|
DNA is double helix and has AGCT. RNA is single stranded and has AGCU.
|
|
what is a ribosome and how does it work
|
it is the protein that converts RNA to protein.
|
|
what is a codon and why does it work
|
is a DNA triplet. It codes for one amino acid.
|
|
what is the difference between mRNA and tRNA
|
mRNA is a duplicate of a DNA segment made during transcription. tRNA carries an amino acid to produce a protein during translation
|
|
what is RNA processing in eukaryotes
|
Enzymes modify the RNA before it travels to the cytoplasm. Caps are put on it and non coding segments removed
|
|
what is a mutation and what are the impacts of a mutation
|
a change in one base pair. silent, mis-sense, and nonsense
|