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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
adaptation
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Organism's modification in structure, function, or behavior that better suits the environment.
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animal
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Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryote characterized by the presence of muscular and nervous tissue and undergoing development to achieve its final form.
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binomial nomenclature
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Scientific name of an organism, the first part of which designates the genus and the second part of which designates the specific epithet.
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biodiversity
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Total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the communities in which they live.
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biology
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Scientific study of life.
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biosphere
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Zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth in which living organisms are found.
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cell
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Smallest unit that displays the properties of life; composed of organelle-containing cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane.
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class
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One of the categories of subgroups used by taxonomists to group species; class within a phylum or division.
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community
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Assemblage of species interacting with one another within the same environment.
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Conclusion
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Statement made following an experiment as to whether or not the results support the hypothesis.
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control
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Sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked.
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data
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Facts or information collected through observation and/or experimentation.
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deductive reasoning
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Process of logic and reasoning, using "if . . . then" statements.
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domain
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Largest of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
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domain Archaea
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One of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics; its members are sometimes referred to as archaea.
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domain Bacteria
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One of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that differ from archaea because they have their own unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics.
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domain Eukarya
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One of the three domains of life, consisting of organisms with eukaryotic cells; includes protists, fungi, plants, or animals.
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ecosystem
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Biological community together with the associated abiotic environment; characterized by a flow of energy and a cycling of inorganic nutrients.
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emergent property
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Quality that appears as biological complexity increases.
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energy
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Capacity to do work and bring about change; occurs in a variety of forms.
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eukaryote
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Type of cell that has a membrane bounded nucleus and membranous organelles; found in organisms within the domain Eukarya.
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evolution
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Descent of organisms from common ancestors with the development of genetic and phenotypic changes over time that make them more suited to the environment.
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experiment
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Artificial situation devised to test a hypothesis.
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experimental design
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Methodology by which an experiment will seek to support the hypothesis.
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experimental variable
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Factor of the experiment being tested.
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extinction
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Total disappearance of a species or higher group.
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family
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One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the genus level.
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fungi
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Saprotrophic decomposer; the body is made up of filaments called hyphae that form a mass called a mycelium.
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gene
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Unit of heredity existing as alleles on the chromosomes; in diploid organisms, typically two alleles are inherited—one from each parent.
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genus
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One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; contains those species that are most closely related through evolution.
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homeostasis
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Maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means of self regulating mechanisms.
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hypothesis
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Supposition established by reasoning after consideration of available evidence; it can be tested by obtaining more data, often by experimentation.
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inductive reasoning
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Using specific observations and the process of logic and reasoning to arrive at a hypothesis.
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kingdom
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One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above phylum.
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law (or "principle")
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Theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists.
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metabolism
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All of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell during growth and repair.
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model
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Simulation of a process that aids conceptual understanding until the process can be studied firsthand; a hypothesis that describes how a particular process could possibly be carried out.
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multicellular
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Organism composed of many cells; usually has organized tissues, organs, and organ systems.
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natural selection
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Mechanism of evolution caused by environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce; results in adaptation to the environment.
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observation
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Step in the scientific method by which data are collected before a conclusion is drawn.
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order
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One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the family level.
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organism
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Individual living thing.
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phenomenon
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Observable event.
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photosynthesis
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Process occurring usually within chloroplasts whereby chlorophyll-containing organelles trap solar energy to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrate.
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phylum
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One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the class level.
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plant
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Multicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotes that increasingly become adapted to live on land
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population
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Group of organisms of the same species occupying a certain area and sharing a common gene pool
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prediction
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Step of the scientific process that follows the formulation of a hypothesis and assists in creating the experimental design.
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principle
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Theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists; also called a law.
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prokaryote
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Organism that lacks the membrane-bounded nucleus and membranous organelles typical of eukaryotes.
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