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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are there slight fluctuations in the population growth curve when the growth has plateaued? |
Other factors including predation, competition or disease |
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What are some biotic factors? |
Disease predation and competition |
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What is the carrying capacity? |
The maximum population size an environment can support |
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What is intraspecific competition? |
Competition for resources between members of the same species |
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What is the competitive exclusion principle? |
When one organism is better adapted for a food source than another so it will out compete it (interspecific competition) |
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What do you need to remember when describing why a limiting factor affects a population? |
Link it to the birth and death rate |
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Why might there not be a causal predator-prey relationship? |
Other factors such as a shortage of food for the prey influence its population size |
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What is the forest stewardship council? |
This ensures forests are a sustainable source of timber |
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What is preservation? |
the protection of an area by restricting or banning human interference so that the ecosystem is kept in its original state |
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What are a 4 conservation techniques? |
Restricting human access Programmes of education Replanting the same number of trees you cut down Enforcing rangers and vehicles |
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What is a sustainable resource? |
A renewable resource that is being economically exploited in such a way that it will not run out It is also being replenished at the same rate it is being used to up |
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What are 2 techniques for small scale timber production? |
Coppicing, where a trunk is cut close to the ground allowing new shoots to form from the cut Pollarding is where the trunk is cut further up so that animals can't eat the newly formed shoots |
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Why does rotational coppicing maintain biodiversity? |
Trees never grow enough to block out the sunlight so succession never occurs and more species survive |
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What is large scale timber production? |
Selectively cutting the largest trees and replacing them replanting |
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How are replanted trees in large-scale timber production managed? |
They are planted an optional distance apart to reduce competition Pests and pathogens are managed |
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What are disadvantages of large scale timber production? |
Habitats are destroyed soil minerals are reduced and soil is susceptible to erosion |
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What are 5 ways fishing can be made sustainable? |
Imposing fishing quotas Increase net mesh size Impose seasonal bans Decrease net size Fish farming |
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What is ecotourism and what are 2 aims? |
Tourism directed towards natural env to support conservation efforts Ensure the tourism doesn't exploit natural env or local communities Ensure infrastructure improvements benefit local people as well as visitors |
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In the Masai mara what are 3 examples of where land use is incompatible? |
Elephants can trample and damage crops so they need to be fenced off which prevents migration Livestock out competed by migrating animals for grass and they also introduce diseases Culling is used to kill off excess animals |
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What are the 3 examples of ecosystem management? |
Masai mara nature reserve in Kenya Terai region of Nepal and its forests Peat bogs |
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What are 3 aims of the forest stewardship council? |
Improve soil and water management Increase biodiversity of forested areas Sustainable wood fuel sources |
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What are 3 management strategies for promoting sustainable agriculture? |
Multiple cropping when more than one crop is grown Growing nitrogen fixing crops to increase fertility e.g. legumes Grow crop varieties resistant to various factors |
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How do peat bogs form? |
When plant material is inhibited from fully decaying by anaerobic conditions due to waterlogging. There are also no active decomposers present |
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What are 3 reasons why the number of peat bogs are decreasing? |
Bogs are being used for fuel Drying up due to afforestation Land drainage |
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What are 3 ways of conserving peat bogs? |
Ensure vegetation of the bog surface is undisturbed and wet Removal of seedling trees that have high water requirements Controlled grazing to maintain biodiversity |
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What are 3 ways human activities are controlled on the Galapagos Islands? |
Park rangers are present to prevent hunting Limiting human access to particular Controlling migration to and from the islands |
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What are three ways the Antarctic treaty control human activity |
Limiting the number of tourists that can visit Human waste needs to be carried on ships Limiting the number of boats entering Antarctica |
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What are three ways of controlling human activity in Snowdonia and the lake District? |
Replanting native tree species Creating designated trails Educating people in the area through signage |
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What are 2 examples of ecological relationships between different species? |
Interspecific competition between red and grey squirrels for food Predator-prey relationship between ladybirds and aphids where population size depends on the other species |
