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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Transpiration |
Loss of water vapour through the stomata on the leaves |
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When does the stomata close? |
It closes when there is lack of water, darkness or high CO2 |
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What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis |
Carbon dioxide, light intensity, temperature, etc. |
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Photosynthesis equation |
CO2+H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2 |
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What is photosynthesis? |
The process used by plants to convert light energy into chemical energy. |
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What is an osmoconformer? |
Are marine animals that maintain the osmolarity of their body fluids such that it is always equal to the surrounding seawater. |
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What is an osmoregulator |
The active regulation of an organisms fluids to maintain the homeostasis of the organisms water content. |
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What are phloem? |
A wall of living cells that are perforated to transport food to the leaves. |
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What are xylem? |
A column of once living cells that transports water and dissolved minerals to the leaves. |
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What is phototropism? |
A plants stimulus to light. For example, the tip of a growing shoot bending towards the direction of sunlight. |
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What are the structural and behavioural adaptions of penguins? |
Structual: blubber, feather overlap (traps heat), small feet (reduce SA) and black feathers (absorbing heat)
Behavioural: Roll back onto heels, huddling in groups, movement |
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What is counter heat exchange? |
Prevents loss of heat by causing the transfer of heat from warm blood, to cool blood reentering the core of the body. |
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What mechanisms are used to warm up the body? |
Vasoconstriction, shivering and piloerection. |
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What mechanisms cool down the body ? |
Sweating and vasodilation |
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What are ectotherms? |
Ectotherms are cold blooded animals that rely on the external environment for temperature control. |
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What are ectotherms advantages and disadvantages? |
Advantages: use less food in respiration, need to consume less food, can use more energy from food for growth Disadvantages: Sluggish in cooler temperatures, have the need to hibernate, body temperature fluctuates. |
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What are endotherms? |
Warm blooded animals that produce their own heat internally, through metabolic processes. |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of endotherms? |
Advantages: maintain constant body temperature, active in cold temperature and can inhabit cold climates Disadvatages: lots of energy used to regulate body temperature, more food needed, less energy from food goes into growth |
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What are auxins? |
Found at the tips of the roots, they are responsible for promoting cell growth and elongation. |
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What are adaptions of mammals at high altitude? |
Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased red blood cell production and increased oxygen efficiency. |
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What is the function of ADH? |
Anti-direutic hormone, promotes reabsorption of water from the the collecting tubule in the kidney. |
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What are the steps in the negative feedback response? |
Stimulus, receptor, transmission of message, effector, response and negative feedback. |
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Examples of positive feedback. |
Breast feeding and contractions during labour |
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What is the role of the nervous system? |
It produces rapid responses in animals and consist of neurons |
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What part of the brain is responsible for homeostasis? |
The hypothalamus |
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What are the 5 types of receptors and what do they detect? |
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Define homeostasis. |
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the face of internal or external changes. |
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What are some functions of the kidney? |
-Clean the blood of waste products -Control how much water is kept in the body - To excrete urine |
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Where does majority of water reabsorption occur? |
The proximal convoluted tubule |
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What are the steps of what occurs in the kidneys? |
1. Filtration 2. Reabsorb sugar 3. Reabsorb water 4. Excrete the waste |
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What is a nephron? |
The functional unit of the kidney that consists of the renal corpuscle and renal tubule. |