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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Genes
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hereditary blueprints
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Chromosomes
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genes incorporated into these which are located in the nucleus: look like an X
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Mitosis
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Orderly division of these chromosomes and cytoplasm so that both daughter cells receive same informations
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interphase
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period between cell division where there is a well defined nucleus and one or more densely stained nucleoli
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prophase
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beginning or mitotic division:
marked by the disappearance of the nucleoli and the appearance of the chromosomes. chrom. become more visible: nuclear membrane starts to disappear |
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centromere
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holds the two parts of the chromosome together (these two parts are called chromatids)
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metaphase
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marked by appearance of spindle
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spindle
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made up of protein fibers which extend from pole to pole of the cell
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anaphase
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begins as centromeres duplicate themselves allowing each one of chromatids to separate from its double. these separated chromatids (now new chromosomes) move apart and migrate to the opposite poles of the cell.
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telophase
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reforming of interphase cells. chromosomes begin to uncoil
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cell plate
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appears of equator of plant cell during telophase.
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middle lamella
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basis for cell walls
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furrow
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appears at equators and gradually pinches cell into two complete daughter cells.
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centrioles
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present in animal cell. migrate to poles of cell and seem to organize formation of spindle.
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aster
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around each centriole = radiating rays
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spectroscope
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used to see colors. prism breaks white light into components producing a rainbow of colors.
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sex-linked genes
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genes located on sex (x an y) chromosomes
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autosomes
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alike in both males and females
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autosomal traits
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traits or genes located on autosome chromosomes
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alleles
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contrasting genes: control traits
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dominant
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stronger trait
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recessive
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weaker trait
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homozygous
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when traits are alike in expression on both chromosomes
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heterozygous
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one gene of each type
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phenotype
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external appearance : physical
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genotype
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can't always be seen- genetic history-
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insisors
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teeth designed for grasping and nipping
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canines
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teeth designed for piercing and tearing
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premolars
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teeth designed for cutting and grinding
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molars
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teeth designed for crushing and grinding
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carnivore
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meat eater: typically have front insisors and well developed canines. premolars and molars have sharp edges for cutting. only back molars designed for grinding.
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rodent
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enlarged, chisel like incisors. no canines and premolars. wide space between incisors and molars. dense hard vegetable matter.
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herbivore
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like a horse. incisors are flat and may not be any canine teeth or few. premolars and molars are rectangular in shape.
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armadillo
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all simple peglike structures. snout elongated and no teeth present in front of jaws. armadillo feeds primarily on invertebrates, but some veggie matter is eaten.
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