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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Diffusion
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The net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration (along the gradient) until equilibrium
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Osmosis
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The net movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration until equilibrium is reached
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Enzyme
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A globular protein that increases the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy threshold (i.e. a biological catalyst)
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Active Site
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The site on the surface of an enzyme which binds to the substrate molecule
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Denaturation
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A structural change in a protein that results in the loss (usually permanent) of its biological properties
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Cell Respiration
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Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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Gene
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"A heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic
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consisting of a length of DNA occupying a particular position on a chromosome (locus)"
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Allele
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"One specific form of a gene
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differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same locus as other alleles of the gene"
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Genome
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The whole of the genetic information of an organism
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Gene mutation
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A change in the nucleotide sequence of a section of DNA coding for a particular feature
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Homologous chromosomes
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Chromosomes that share the same structural features and the same genes at the same loci
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Genotype
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The allele combination of an organism
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Phenotype
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The characteristics of an organism (determined by a combination of genotype and environmental factors)
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Recessive Allele
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An allele that only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the homozygous state
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Codominant alleles
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Pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present in a heterozygote
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Trophic level
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The position an organism occupies in a food chain
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Evolution
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The cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population
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Pathogen
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"A disease-causing micro-organism
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virus or prion"
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Resting potential
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"The charge difference across the membrane when a neuron is not firing (-70 mV)
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as maintained by the sodium-potassium pump"
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Action potential
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The charge difference across the membrane when a neuron is firing (about 30 mV)
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Allele frequency
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The proportion of an allele within a population
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Gene pool
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The sum total of alleles present in a sexually reproducing population
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Clone
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A clone is a group of genetically identical organisms or a group of cells derived from a single parent cell
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Locus
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The particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene
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Homozygus
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Having two identical alleles of a gene
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Heterozygous
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Having two different alleles of a gene
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Carrier
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An individual that has one copy of a recessive allele that causes a genetic disease in individuals that are homozygous for this allele
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Test cross
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Testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive
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Sex linkage
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when a gene controlling a characteristic is found on a sex chromosome
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Species
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"A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile
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viable offspring"
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Population
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A group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time
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Community
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A group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area
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Ecosystem
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A community and its abiotic environment
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Ecology
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The study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment
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Habitat
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The environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism
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Half-life
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a measure of the time taken for the radioactivity to fall to half its original level
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Stimulus
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A change in the environment (external or internal) that is detected by a receptor
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Response
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A change in an organism (an action) resulting from a stimulus
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Reflex
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A type of response that is rapid and involuntary (unconscious)
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Dominant Allele
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An allele that has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is present in the homozygous or heterozygous state
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