Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pathogens
|
disease causing organisms or viruses
|
|
Infectious diseases
|
diseases that are caused by pathogens
|
|
Nonspecific defenses
|
barriers that do not distinguish one invader from another
|
|
Inflammatory response
|
a nonspecific defense characterized by redness, heat, swelling and pain
|
|
Histamine
|
a chemical alarm signal released by massed cells that causes blood vessels to dialate during an inflammatory response
|
|
Interferon
|
a family of proteins produced by cells in response to becoming infected by a virus
|
|
Immunity
|
body is resistant to the pathogen that causes a specific disease
|
|
Antigen
|
a large molecule that is usually a protein that provokes an immune response
|
|
Antibodies
|
proteins found on the surface of a certain white blood cell or in blood plasma that attach to particular antigens
|
|
B cells
|
a lymphocytes that matures in bone marrow and produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity
|
|
T cells
|
lymphocytes that mature in the thymus; is responsible for cell-mediated immunity and also plays a role in humoral immunity
|
|
Plasma cell
|
produces and secretes antibodies specific to the antigen that activated the original B cell
|
|
Humoral immunity
|
specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids
|
|
Cell mediated immunity
|
a type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected or abnormal body cells
|
|
Cytotoxic T cells
|
lymphocytes that attack body cells infected with pathogens
|
|
Helper T cells
|
lymphocyte that activites cytotoxic T-cells and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies
|
|
Memory cells
|
long lasting lymphocytes that are formed during the primary immune response that is re-activated on exposure to the same pathogen quickly producing many clones
|
|
Vaccine
|
a dose of a pathogen or part of a pathogen that has been disabled or destroyed so it is no longer harmful
|
|
Active immunity
|
immunity provided by the body; when the body produces it’s own antibodies against an antigen; result from exposure to the antigen (infection or vaccine)
|
|
Passive immunity
|
a resistance to a particular pathogen that results when the body acquires antibodies for it; as when a baby receives antibodies from its mother
|
|
Allergy
|
an abnormal over-sensitivity to an otherwise non-harmful antigen called an allergen
|
|
Autoimmune disease
|
a disorder in which the immune system attacks the bodies own molecules
|
|
AIDS
|
acquired immune deficiency syndrome – the late stages of HIV infection
|
|
HIV
|
human immunodeficiency virus – causes AIDS
|
|
The First Line: Barriers
|
*physical barrier: bodies first line of defense is skin (nonspecific defenses)
*chemical barriers: sweat (lysozyme – breaks down cell walls of many bacteria) and oil glands *saliva and tears protect disease from entering the mouth and eyes *digestive and respiratory passageways are lined with mucous membranes – another barrier |
|
Second Line: Internal Nonspecific Defenses
|
Second line of defense: pathogen destroying white blood cells, the inflammatory response, and certain specialized proteins
*macrophages (“big eaters”) –found mostly in interstitial fluid – when it encounters a pathogen it engulfs the organism – lysozyme kills the pathogen *neutrophils – smaller and more numerous in the body than macrophages, also kill pathogens by phagocytosis(cellular eating) – produces a chemical similar to bleach that may also kill the neutraphil *natural killer cell (NK) –do not attack pathogens directly, they recognize infected body cells and kill them by releasing chemicals that poke holes in the infected cell’s membrane –play a key role in defending against cancer by killing abnormal cells before they can form a tumor *inflammatory response |