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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Steps of risk assessment
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1 -- Hazard identification
2 -- Dose-response assessment 3 -- Exposure assessment 4 -- Risk characterization |
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Effects of maternal smoking
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Adverse fetal development (strongest effects at weeks 20-36)
Increased incidence of SIDS |
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Types of Radiation
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Alpha (blocked by a piece of paper)
Beta (stopped by a layer of clothing) Gamma (penetrates several feet of concrete, passes through organic tissue) X-rays |
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% of radiation exposure due to medicine
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15% (11% from X-rays, 4% from nuclear procedures)
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Symptoms of Arsenic exposure
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Skin lesions, peripheral neuropathy, anemia
Carcinogenic |
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Elemental Mercuy
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Inhaled
Affects CNS and kidney Clearnance is Renal or GI Causes Tremor |
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Inorganic Mercury
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Ingested or cutaneous exposure
Affects the kidney Clearance is Renal or GI Causes tremor, and erethism |
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Organic Mercury
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Ingested
Affects CNS, kidney, and liver Clearance is Renal or GI Causes paresthesias, ataxia, tremor, tunnel vision, dysarthria |
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Effects of Cadmium
(Zinc substitute) |
Nephrotoxicity
OSTEOmalacia (accelerated collagen catabolism and bone demineralization) |
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Effects of Chromium
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Nasal/Skin ulcers
INSULIN RESISTANCE Nephrotoxic |
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Effects of Aluminium
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Dialysis ENCEPHALOPATHY
Anemia Osteodystrophy Linked to ALZHEIMER's? |
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Effects of Iron
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HEPATOtoxicity
Ferritin release --> Vasodepression (SHOCK) Iron poisoning |
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Stages of Iron Poisoning
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I - 0-6 h -- GI, CNS, CV, Hyperglycemia
II - 6-24 h -- CNS III - 12-48 h -- GI, CNS, CV, Acidosis, Liver damage IV - 4-6 wk -- GI |
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Effects of Zinc (essential element)
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Too much is 100 - 150 mg/day
Stomach cramps, N/V Over time: anemia, PANCREAS damage, lower levels of HDL |
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Amphibole Asbestos
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Long, slender, brittle fibers
Inhaled Become trapped in the lungs Remember, risk of lung cancer 5x higher in smokers |
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Serpentine Asbestos
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Small fibers
90% of the world's asbestos Are NOT deposited in the lungs |
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Acute Symptoms of Pesticide Exposure
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SLUDGE
Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation GI distress Emesis |
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Treatment for pesiticide exposure
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Pralidoxime, Oxygen, Atropine
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Pyrethroids
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Derivatives from crysanthemum used as pesticides
Most severe toxicity is to the CNS May mimic organophosphate toxicity Treatment is supportive Vitamin E may stop paresthesias |