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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
stressed volume
definition? |
blood volume contained in systemic arteries
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site of highest resistance in the cardiovascular system
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arterioles
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vessels with largest total cross sectional and surface area of circulation
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capillaries
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vessels regulated by the autonomic system
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arterioles and venules
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vessels with highest proportion of the blood
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veins
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unstressed blood volume
definition? |
blood volume in the veins
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relationship between:
blood velocity blood flow cross sectional area |
v = Q/A
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relationship between:
blood flow pressure gradient resistance |
Q = dP/R
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relationship between :
Resistance viscosity length of vessel radius of blood vessel |
R = (8n*l)/(pi*r^4)
R = resistance n = viscosity l = length r^4 = radius to fourth power |
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if blood vessel radius decreases by factor of 2, what change in resistance?
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increased by 16 (2^4)
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Reynold's number
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predicts whether blood flow will be laminal or turbulent
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anemia:
effect on reynold's number |
increased (decreased viscosity)
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capacitance (compliance), defining equation
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C = V/P
V= volumr P = pressure |
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vessels across which the greatest pressure decrease occures
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arterioles (because site of highest resistance)
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most important determinant of pulse pressure
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stroke volume
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atrial depolarization on EKG
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P wave
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interval from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization
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PR interval
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represents depolarization of ventricle on EKG
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QRS complex
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interval representing entire period of depolarization and repolarization of ventricle
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QT interval
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isoelectric segment when entire ventricle is deplarized
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ST segment
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represents ventricular repolarization on EKG
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T wave
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normally is the pacemaker of heart
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SA node
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SA nodal action potential phases (#'s)
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0 (Ca++)
3 (K+) 4 (Na+ current, I*f*) |
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Bowditch staircase
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increased heart rate increases strength of contraction in a stepwise fashion b/c as intracellular Ca++ increases over several beats
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post extrasystolic potentiation
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the beat *following* an extrasystolic beat has increased strength of contraction
***increased intracellular Ca++ |
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mechanisms by which beta receptors increase strength of contraction
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increased Ca++ into cell during plateau
increased activity of Ca++ of SR (phospholambam, therefore more Ca++ accumulated) |
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preload
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end diastolic volume/venous filling presure
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afterload
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aortic pressure
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y intercept of venous return curve
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mean systemic pressure
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clockwise rotation of venous return curve
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decrease total peripheral resistance
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Type I hyperlipidemia
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high chylomicrons
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Type IIa hyperlipidemia
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high LDL
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Type IIb hyperlipidemia
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high LDL and VLDL
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Type III hyperlipidemia
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high chylomicrons and IDL (intermediate density lipoprotein)
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Type IV hyperlipidemia
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high triglycerides
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Type V hyperlipidemia
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very similar to Type I (high cholymicrons), but with high VLDL
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stroke work equation
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stroke work = stroke volume * aortic pressure
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coronary vasoactive metabolite control of circulation
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Adenosine
Hypoxia |
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cerebral vasoactive metabolite control of circulation
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CO2
H+ |
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muscular vasoactive metabolite control of circulation
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Lactate
K+ Adenosine |
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pulmonary vasoactive metabolite control of circulation
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hypoxia constricts
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vascular effects of histamine
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arteriolar vasodilation
venous vasoconstriction **effect of increasing capillary pressure->edema |
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vascular effects of bradykinin
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arteriolar vasodilation
venous vasoconstriction **increased capillary pressure -> edema |
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serotonin vascular effects
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arteriolar vasoconstriction in response to blood vessel damage
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