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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which are true regarding modern swine facilities?
a) all-in/all-out is infrequently practiced b) farrow-to-finish is the most common management practice c) disease is a necessary cost of production d) weight gain per day target is 1.7lbs/day |
c) disease is a necessary cost of production
d) weight gain per day target is 1.7lbs/day (most modern are all-in/all-out and small farms may still be farrow-to-finish) |
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Fill in the following normals for pigs:
Temp Resp rate Pulse rate |
Temp - 102 F
Resp rate - 13-15 sows/20-30 growers Pulse rate - 70-80 adults |
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Which amino acids are necessary and rate-limiting in swine?
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Lysine and methionine
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Exudative dermatitis or ____________ is caused by the bacterium ______________ and usually starts on _________________.
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GREASY PIG DISEASE
Staph hyicus Starts on snout/ears, spreads to inner thighs/abdomen and entire body |
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How is greasy pig disease treated?
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Pig, Penicillin, Piss off!
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What are two differentials for circular collarette lesions on the ventrum of pigs? How is the MOST LIKELY differential treated?
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Pityriasis rosea (benign neglect)
Ringworm |
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Thick crusting on extremities in young (not newborn) pigs is known as___________ and caused by ______________.
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Parakaratosis caused by Zn deficiency
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Pustular to ulcerative lesions on the skin of the pig is likely...
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...swinepox
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What are the vesicular disease of swine and which viruses cause each?
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FMD (aphtovirus from picornaviridae)
VS (vesiculovirus from rhabdoviridae) Swine vesicular dz (enterovirus from picornaviridae) Vesicular exanthema of swine (vesivirus from caliciviridae) |
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An adult pig with hemorrhagic skin lesions and a fever may also have pathology in what systems? What is the pathogen?
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Endocarditis and joint dz
d/t Erysipelas rhusiopathiae (diamond skin disease) |
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What's going on in this piggy?
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cyanosis change w/endotoxemia
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A VERY sick pig with lesions on its dorsum probably has what condition? What is the cause of this?
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Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome
d/t circovirus (maybe?) |
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How can you tell Pityriasis rosea from Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome?
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PDNS pigs are SICK SICK SICK and have lesions more on the dorsum
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What are the 2 most common disease categories (by system) of swine?
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Respiratory and GI dz
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What are common causes of viral diarrhea in neonates? Bacterial diarrhea?
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Corona/Rotavirus; also TGE (viral)
E. coli, Clostridium (bacterial) (RARELY Salmonella) |
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What are 2 good differentials for a dead neonatal pig with hemorrhagic loops of bowel? How can you discern the real cause?
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Clostridium perfringens (type C)
Mesenteric torsion (blood culture for Clostridium and demonstrate toxins) |
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If you see a neonate with edematous spiral colon, what is your top differential?
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C. difficile (spiral colon fibrinous colitis)
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Top differential for a pig that is vomiting AND has diarrhea?
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Transmissible Gastro Enteritis Virus
(also maybe mycotoxins) |
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If you see a neonate < 2d with diarrhea, what is your first differential?
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Neonatal enteric colibacillosis (E. coli diarrhea)
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Which bacteria cause neonatal enteric colibacillosis in neonatal pigs?
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E. coli K88, 987P (K99 and F41 less often)
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How can neonatal enteric colibacillosis be diagnosed?
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Demonstration of attachment pili (PCR, latex agglutination)
Histopath showing bacteria on brush border |
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An underdiagnosed problem of 7-15d piglets is...
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...coccidiosis (I. suis)
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How is coccidiosis diagnosed in piglets? How is it treated?
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Dx (ileal scrapings on necropsy)
Tx (Toltrazuril treatments - doesn't help those showing clinical signs) |
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What are some good sites for venipuncture in pigs?
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Anterior vena cava
Jugular Orbital sinus Ear/Tail veins |
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Where should IM injections be given in pigs? SQ injections?
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IM (neckmeat)
SQ (loose skin behind shoulder) |
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Which of the following are NOT approved for use in food pigs?
a) banamine b) ketamine c) xylazine d) isoflurane |
b) ketamine
c) xylazine d) isoflurane |
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What are some signs of endotoxemia in post-weaners?
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Cyanosis of belly
Ear tip necrosis GI infarcts |
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What causes post-weaning colibacillosis?
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E. coli (K88); O141, 147, 149, and 157
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Edema disease is due to...
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E. coli (F18 & shiga toxin); O138, 139, 141, etc)
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T or F:
Most cases of E. coli enterotoxemia are not diarrheaic. |
True!
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T or F:
Most cases of enterotoxigenic E. coli are not diarrheaic. |
False! These cause secretory diarrhea!
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How can post-weaning colibacillosis be treated?
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Banamine
Reduce feed amount |
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What are some necropsy findings in pigs with salmonelllosis?
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Hepatic infarcts
Turkey-egg kidney Splenomegaly Pneumonia Button ulcers in GI |
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What is your top differential for a weaner with bloody scours?
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Salmonellosis
(maybe swine dysentery) |
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Which of the following are mainly found in the large intestine in pigs with GI dz?
a) Salmonella b) Lawsonia intracellularis c) Brachyspira hyodysenteriae d) Brachyspira pilosicoli |
a) Salmonella
c) Brachyspira hyodysenteriae d) Brachyspira pilosicoli |
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What can be used as a preventive against salmonellosis? How is it given?
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Carbadox in feed
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What are the 3 main types of salmonella causing issues in the US?
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S. cholerasuis
S. typhisuis S. typhimurium |
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What are the 3 forms of ileitis caused by Lawsonia intracellularis?
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Proliferative, Necrotic, and Hemorrhagic ileitis
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How can porcine proliferative ileitis be diagnosed?
a) fecal culture b) fecal PCR c) ileal scraping + culture d) silver stain on histopath e) histopath shows organisms on brush border |
b) fecal PCR
d) silver stain on histopath (can also do tissue PCR) |
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Swine dysentery is caused by __________ and is found ONLY in the ____________.
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Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; only in the large intestine
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How can swine dysentery be diagnosed?
a) fecal culture b) fecal PCR c) colon scraping + culture d) silver stain on histopath e) histopath shows organisms on brush border |
b) fecal PCR
d) silver stain on histopath |
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How can swine dysentery be treated?
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Macrolide abx (tylosin, tymulin, lincomycin)
Good hygiene! |
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T or F:
Both Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli can be successfully eradicated from pig production farms. |
False!
B. hyodysenteriae can since pigs are its only host! |
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The major helminth affecting most swine productions is...
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...Ascaris suum
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What are possible culprits contributing to gastric ulcers in swine?
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Helicobacter
Fine-ground feed Stress |
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Which emerging infectious disease can also cause diarrhea in swine or hogs?
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Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)
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What are the major reproductive vaccines and when should they be given?
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Parvo, Lepto, +/- PRRS; give before breeding and after litter is weaned
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The MINIMUM herd vaccination family should include...
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...Parvo, Lepto, Erysipelas
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When are piglets usually vaccinated?
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@ 3 wks (except for enzootic pneumonias - 1 wk)
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Which are causes of congenital tremor or myoclonia congenita in preweaned pigs?
a) hypomyelination or demyelination b) pseudorabies virus c) leptospira d) circovirus type 1 |
a) hypomyelination or demyelination (describes the pathogenesis)
d) circovirus type 1 (also CSF; most are idiopathic though) |
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What are some viral causes of porcine CNS diseases?
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CSF and Pseudorabies; also various encephalomyelitis viruses
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Which of the following are NOT true regarding Streptococcus suis infections in young pigs?
a) zoonotic b) occurs in piglets from 2-12 days old c) serotypes 3 and 4 are most common d) can survive short-term in macrophages |
b) occurs in piglets from 2-12 days old (its 2-12 WEEKS)
c) serotypes 3 and 4 are most common (its serotypes 1 AND 2) |
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Streptococcus suis infection is an important differential for which cardiovascular disease in pigs?
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Mulberry heart disease; also Glasser's Dz I guess...
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Which of the following diseases is associated with S. suis infection?
a) Mulberry heart disease b) Suppurative meningitis c) Glasser's disease d) Vegetative endocarditis e) Fibrinous polyserositis |
b) Suppurative meningitis
d) Vegetative endocarditis e) Fibrinous polyserositis |
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How can a strept infection usually be cleared?
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Penicillin (maybe Ceftiofur)
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What are some causes of bacterial meningoencephalitis in young swine?
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H. parasuis
S. suis II |
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An OUTBREAK of hind-end paresis in swine makes you think of...
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...Se toxicosis
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What are some clinical signs of edema disease? What is the pathognomic sign on necropsy?
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Funny sounding squeal
Ataxia; recumbency Puffy eyelid/snout Edema of spiral colon and greater curvature of stomach on necropsy. |
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Pigs circling around one leg, convulsing, head pressing, & etc makes you think of...
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...Salt toxicity!
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