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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Cytology |
Study of cellular structure and function |
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Plasma membrane |
Separates intracellular material from extracellular material |
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Consists of phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein |
Plasma membrane |
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Semipermiable |
Only certain substances can cross the cell membrane |
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Plasma membrane |
Involved in structural support |
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Phospholipids |
Two fatty acids, a glycerol unit, a phosphate group and a polar molecule. |
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Phosphate group and polar head region of the molecule is hydrophilic (attracted to water) while the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic (repelled by water) |
Phospholipids |
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Proteins |
Passage through the cell, receptor sites, markers (glycoproteins) |
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Cholesterol |
Structural support (stiffen and strengthens) |
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Microvilli |
Tiny folds in the membrane, increases the surface area , ideal for absorbing large amounts of water |
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Cilia |
Short hair like projections in the outer surface of the membrane. Help move substances across the surface of the cell |
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Flagella |
Thicker, longer hair like projections on the surface of the membrane. Used for cell locomotion |
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Passive transport |
Doesn’t require cells to expend energy |
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4 mechanisms of passive transport |
Diffusion, osmosis, filtration, & facilitated diffusion |
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Diffusion |
Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
Larger molecules like glucose |
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Equilibrium |
When no further diffusion occurs |
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Endocytosis |
Intake of food (phagocytosis) or liquid (pinocytosis) by unfoldings of the cell membrane |
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Phagocytes |
White blood cells |
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Exocytosis |
Movement of large amounts of substances out of the cells |
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Tissue |
Groups of similar cells that perform a common function |
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4 major types of tissues |
Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscular |
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Osmosis |
Diffusion of water from an area of greater concentration of water to an area of lesser concentration of water |
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Facilitated diffusion |
Transport of substances from high to low concentration with the help of another molecule within the membrane. |
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Tonicity |
Ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell |
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Isotonic |
One concentration of solutes is the same as it is in the cell. |
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Hypertonic |
Higher concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within the cell |
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Hypotonic |
Lower concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within the cell |
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Filtration |
Water and substances cross the membrane in response to differences in pressures |
Pressure pushes substances across the membrane |
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Active transport |
Requires energy in the form of ATP |
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Sodium potassium pump |
Force molecules to move against the concentration gradient |
Molecules move from low to high |