Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
kinesiology
|
study of movement
|
|
|
how the body moves w/o forces
|
kinematics
|
|
|
translation
|
when all parts of the body are moving in the same direction as every other part.
|
|
|
2 types of translation
|
rectilinear motion
curvilinear motion |
|
|
rectilinear motion
|
straight line
ex. PT pushing pt in wheelchair or throwing a ball in a straight line |
|
|
curvilinear motion
|
the up & down movement
curved line ex. walking or throwing a ball w/ arch motion |
|
|
active movements
|
generated by stimulated or a time muscle
having pt do it themselves ex. flexing an arm over the head |
|
|
passive movements
|
What is happening externally (gravity)
ex. resistance of stretched ligament or just letting your arm fall down from the air |
|
|
________ of entire body is powered by muscles that rotate the limbs
|
translation
|
|
|
__________ movement of nearly all joints in the body occurs through rotation.
|
functional
|
|
|
anterior
|
toward the front of the body
|
|
|
toward the back of the body
|
posterior
|
|
|
an imaginary line that crosses vertically through the center of the body
|
midline
|
|
|
medial
|
toward the midline of the body
|
|
|
lateral
|
away from the midline of the body
ex. horizontal abd. |
|
|
above, or toward the head
|
superior
|
|
|
inferior
|
below, or toward the feet
|
|
|
closer to, or toward the torso
|
proximal
|
|
|
distal
|
away from the torso
|
|
|
Cephalad
|
toward the head
|
|
|
caudal
|
toward the feet, or tail
|
|
|
superficial
|
toward the surface (skin) of the body
|
|
|
deep
|
toward the inside (core) of the body
|
|
|
the proximal attachment of a muscle or ligament (the base)
|
origin
|
|
|
insertion
|
the distal attachment of a muscle or ligament- get the most movement here
|
|
|
prone
|
describes the position of an individual lying face down
|
|
|
supine
|
describes the position of an individual lying face up
|
|
|
osteokinematics
|
the motion of bones relative to the 3 cardinal planes of the body
|
|
|
sagittal plane
|
left-right division
flex, ext |
|
|
frontal plane
|
front-back division
abd, add |
|
|
axis of rotation- anterior- posterior
|
frontal, abd, add
|
|
|
axis of rotation:medial-lateral
|
sagittal- flex,ext
|
|
|
axis of rotation- verticle (longitudinal)
|
horizontal (transverse)
rotation |
|
|
motion of one bone approaching the flexor surface of another
|
flexion
|
|
|
extension
|
an approximation of the extensor surfaces of two bones
|
|
|
abduction
|
frontal plane movement away from the midline
|
|
|
adduction
|
frontal plane movement toward the midline
|
|
|
Internal rotation
|
anterior bone surface rotates toward the midline
|
|
|
external rotation
|
anterior bone surface rotates away from the midline
|
|
|
a circular motion through two planes
|
circumduction
|
circumduction walking- swinging one leg around another
|
|
translation of bone away from midline in a plane parallel to the ground
|
protraction
|
scapula
|
|
movement of a bony segment toward the midline in a plane parallel to the ground
|
retraction
|
scapula
|
|
supination
|
forearm movement that turns the palm anteriorly
|
|
|
pronation
|
forearm movement that turns the palm posteriorly
|
|
|
radial deviation
|
lateral hand movement toward the radius
|
|
|
ulnar deviation
|
medial hand movement toward the ulna
|
|
|
dorsiflexion
|
sagittal plane ankle motion bringing the foot upward
|
|
|
plantar flexion
|
sagittal plane ankle motion pushing the foot downward
|
|
|
open-chain motion
|
movement of distal segment of bone about a relatively fixed proximal segment
|
|
|
closed-chain motion
|
movement of proximal segment of bone about a relatively fixed distal segment
• can get more function • tend to make more sense to pts. |
|
|
arthrokinematics
|
motion occuring between joint articular surfaces
|
|
|
roll
|
multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface
|
|
|
slide
|
single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface
|
|
|
rule #1 convex on concave
|
you have a roll with a slide in opposite direction to keep congruency of that joint
|
|
|
rule #2 concave on convex
|
the roll and slide are in the same direction
|
|
|
kinetics
|
branch of mechanics that describes the effect of forces on the body
|
|
|
first class lever
|
similar to a see-saw; fulcrum located between internal and external force (the head)
|
|
|
second class lever
|
axis of rotation located at one end of the bony lever; internal moment arm always longer than the external moment arm
ex. coming up on tip toes |
|
|
third class levers
|
axis of rotation located at one end of the bony lever; internal moment arm always smaller than the external moment arm
ex. bicep curl |
|
|
line of pull
|
describes the direction of muscular force
|
|
|
vectors
|
represent the magnitude and direction of a force
|
|
|
force
|
a push or pull that can produce, modify, or halt a movement
- provide the ultimate impetus for movement and stability in the body. - internal or external forces |
|
|
torque
|
rotational equivalent of force
- because nearly all joint motions occur about an axis of rotation, the internal and external force acting at a joint are expressed as torque |
|
|
the amount of torque generated across a joint depends on 2 things?
|
1. the amount of force exerted
2. the distance between the force and axis of rotation |
|