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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Violent contact between individuals at a crime scene frequently produces bleeding and results in the formation of _.
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bloodstain patterns
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The proper interpretation of bloodstain patterns necessitates carefully planned _ using surface materials comparable to those found at the crime scene.
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control experiments
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Bloodstain patterns may convey to the analyst the location and movements of _ and _ during the commission of a crime.
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victims; suspects
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Generally, bloodstain diameter _ with height.
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increases
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The _ and _ of blood striking an object may be discerned by the stain’s shape.
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directionality; angle of impact
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A drop of blood that strikes a surface at an angle of impact of approximately 90 degrees will be close to _ in shape.
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circular
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The angle of impact of an individual bloodstain can be estimated using the ration of _ divided by _.
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width ; height
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_ is the most common type of blood spatter found at a crime scene and is produced when an object forcefully contacts a source of blood.
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Impact spatter
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The classification of impact spatter based on the size of droplets and from the velocity of an applied force are, _ _ & _ impact spatters.
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low velocity, medium velocity, and high velocity
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The _ is the point on a two-dimensional plane from which the drops originated.
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area of convergence
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The _ of a bloodstain pattern in a three-dimensional space illustrates the position of the victim or suspect when the stain-producing event took place.
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area of origin
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The _ method is used at the crime scene to determine the area of origin.
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string
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True/False: Harder and less porous surfaces result in less spatter, whereas rough surfaces result in stains with more spatter and serrated edges.
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True
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True/False: Forward spatter consists of the blood projected backward from the source, and back spatter is projected outward and away from the source.
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False
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True/False: The velocity of an applied force is a good way to classify impact patterns and to determine the kind of force that produced them.
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False
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A _ is created by contact between a bloody object and a surface.
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transfer pattern
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The pattern made by a bloody object dragged across a surface _ as the object moves away from the point of contact.
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lightens
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The approximate drying time of a _ of blood determined by experimentation is related to the environment conditions of the scene and may suggest how much time has elapsed since it’s deposition.
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pool
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The edges of a bloodstain will generally _ within 50 seconds of deposition and be left intact even if the central area of a bloodstain is altered by a wiping motion.
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skeletonize
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A _ pattern commonly originated from repeated strikes from weapons or fists and is characterized by an arc pattern of separate drops showing directionality.
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cast-off
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When an injury to an artery is suffered, the pressure of the continuing pumping of blood projects blood out of the injured area in spurts, creating a pattern known as _ .
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arterial spray spatter
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If an _ pattern is found at a scene, it may show movement, lead to a discarded weapon, or provide identification of the suspect by his or her own blood.
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trail
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A bloodstain pattern created by _ features bubbles of oxygen in the drying drops and may be lighter in color than impact spatter.
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expirated blood
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The shape and size of the blank space, or _ created when an object blocks the deposition of spatter onto a surface and is then removed may give clue about the size and shape of the missing object or person.
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void
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*When documenting bloodstain patterns, the _ involves setting up a grid of squares of known dimensions over the entire pattern and taking overview, medium-range, and close-up photographs with and without the grid.
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grid method
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The _ of bloodstain documentation involves setting up a border of rulers around the pattern and then placing small ruler next to each stain to show relative position and size in photos.
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perimeter ruler method
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True/False: Footwear transfer patterns created by an individual who was running typically show imprints with more space between them than those of an individual who was walking
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True
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True/False: The direction of a flow pattern may show movements of objects or bodies while the flow was still in progress or after the blood has dried.
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True
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True/False: Characteristics of a cast-off pattern arc cannot give clues about the kind of object that was used to produce the pattern.
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False
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True/False: Each bloodstain pattern found at a crime scene should be noted, studied, and photographed.
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True
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True/False: The pointed end of a bloodstain always faces towards its direction of travel.
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True
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Angle of impact
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The angle of the source of the blood to the surface where it was deposited. It can be estimated from the width-to-length ration of the stain to help determine the position of the victim or the weapon at the time when the bleeding wound was inflicted.
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Area of convergence
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The area on a two-dimensional plan where lines traced through the long axis of several individual bloodstains meet. This approximates the two-dimensional place from which the bloodstains were projected.
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Area of origin
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The location in three dimensional space that produced a bloodstain originated from. The location of the area of convergence and the angle of impact for each bloodstain is used to approximate this area.
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Arterial spray
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A bloodstain spatter found at a crime where a victim suffered injury to an artery.
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Cast-off
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A bloodstain pattern that is created when blood is flung from a blood-bearing object in motion onto a surface.
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Expirated blood pattern
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The pattern created by blood that is expelled out of the nose, mouth, or respiratory system as a result of air pressure and/or airflow.
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Flow
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A bloodstain pattern formed by the movement of small or large amounts of blood as a result of gravitational pulls.
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Skeletonization
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The process by which the edges of bloodstain dry to the surface in a specific period of time (dependent on envoi. and surface conditions). It will remain apparent even after the rest of the bloodstain has been disturbed from its original position.
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Void
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An area within a deposited spatter pattern that is clear of spatter, caused by an object of person’s blocking the area at the time the spatter’s deposition.
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Impact spatter
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A bloodstain pattern produced when an object makes forceful contact with a source of blood, projecting droplets of blood outward from the source.
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Forward spatter
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Blood that travels away from the source in the same direction as the force that caused the spatter.
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Satellite spatter
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Blood spatter around parent stain, with blood droplets whose pointed ends face against the direction of travel.
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Back spatter
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Blood directed back toward the source of the force that caused the spatter.
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High-velocity spatter
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An impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 100 feet per second or faster and producing droplets with diameters of less than 1 millimeter.
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Medium-velocity spatter
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An impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 5 to 25 feet per second and producing drops with diameters of between 1 and 4 millimeters.
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Low-velocity spatter
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An impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 5 feet per second or less and producing drops with diameters of greater than 4 millimeters.
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Drop trail pattern
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Drops of blood formed by dripping off other objects.
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Transfer pattern
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A bloodstain pattern created when a wet, bloody surface comes in contact with a second surface.
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