Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 Themes of Human Development
|
Transition and Continuity
|
|
The sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death.
|
Development
|
|
What are the stages of a lifetime?
|
1.) Prenatal Period
2.) Childhood 3.) Adolescence 4.) Adulthood |
|
A unicellular organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg.
|
Zygote
|
|
Extends from conception to birth, usually encompassing 9 months pregnancy.
|
Prenatal Period
|
|
What are the stages of the prenatal period?
|
1.) The Germinal Stage
2.) The Embryonic Stage 3.) The Fetal Stage |
|
The first phase of prenatal development.
|
Germinal Stage
|
|
A structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass onto the fetus from the mothers blood stream and bodily wastes to pass out to the mother.
|
Placenta
|
|
Most vital organs and bodily systems begin to form.
|
Embryonic Stage
|
|
The age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth.
|
Age of Viability
|
|
A collection of inborn problems associated with excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
|
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
|
|
The progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities.
|
Motor Development
|
|
Basic Principles for Motor Development
|
Cephalocaudal Trend and Proximodistal Trend
|
|
The head-to-foot direction
|
Cephalocaudal Trend
|
|
The center-outward direction.
|
Proximodistal Trend
|
|
The median age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities.
|
Developmental Norms
|
|
The close, emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their caregivers.
|
Attachment
|
|
Emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed and attachment.
|
Separation Anxiety
|
|
Explore comfortably when mother is present and cries when she walks into another room and then is comforted by her return.
|
Secure Attachment
|
|
This is when a child appears anxious even when mother is near, cries when she leaves and is not comforted when she returns.
|
Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment or Restraint Attachment
|
|
Seek little contact with mother and often are not distressed when she leaves.
|
Avoidance Attachment
|
|
A developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established.
|
Stage
|
|
A life span divided into 8 stages, each characterized by a psycho-social crisis involving transitions in important social relationships.
|
Erikson Stage Theory
|
|
Cognitive Developmental transitions in youngsters patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem-solving.
|
Jean Piaget
|
|
When a child recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible.
|
Object Permanence
|
|
Piaget's Stage Theory
|
1.) Sensorimotor Period (Birth-2yrs. old)
2.)Preoperational Period 3.)Concrete Operational Period 4.)Formal Operational Period |
|
Coordination of sensory input and motor responses; developmental of object permanence. Occurs from birth- 2 years old.
|
Sensorimotor Period
|
|
Developmental of symbolic thought marked by irreversibility, centration, and egocentrism. 2-7 years old.
|
Preoperational Period
|
|
Mental operations applied to concrete events; mastery of conservation, hierarchical classification. 7-11 years old.
|
Concrete Operational Period
|
|
Mental operations applied to abstract ideas; logical systematic thinking. 11-Adulthood
|
Formal Operation Period
|
|
Piaget's term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes of their shape on appearance..
|
Conservation
|
|
The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects.
|
Centration
|
|
The inability to envision reversing an action.
|
Irreversibility
|
|
Thinking is characterized by a limited ability to share another persons viewpoint.
|
Egocentrism
|
|
Permits a child to mentally undo an action.
|
Reversibility
|
|
Allows the child to focus on more than one feature of a problem simultaneously on two levels of concentration.
|
Decentration
|
|
Problems that require them to focus simultaneously on two levels of concentration.
|
Hierarchical Classification
|
|
Focuses on moral reasoning rather than overt behavior.
|
Kohlburg Stage Theory
|
|
Physical features that distinguish one sex from the other but that are not essential for reproduction.
|
Secondary Sex Characteristics
|
|
The stage during which sexual functions reach maturity, which marks the beginning of adolescence.
|
Puberty
|
|
The structures needed for reproduction.
|
Primary Sex Characteristics
|
|
Proposed that adolescent years are characterized by instability and turmoil.
|
G. Stanley Hall
|
|
Successful achievement of a sense of identity.
|
Identity Achievement
|
|
Delayed commitment; active struggling for a sense of identity.
|
Identity Moratorium
|
|
Unquestioning adoption of parental or societal values
|
Identity Foreclosure
|
|
Absence of struggle for identity, with no obvious concern about it.
|
Identity Diffusion
|