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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
attrition
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a wearing down or weakening of resistance
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senescence
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growing old; aging.
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Cancer accounts for % of all deaths
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25%
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cancer results from mutations in genes that:
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cancer results from mutations in genes that regulate a cell's passage through the cycle of growth and division
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Mutations that interfere with the cell cycle are ________
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lethal
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What does MPF stand for?
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maturation-promoting factor?
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What does an MPFdo?
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A protein that controls division
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CDK
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cyclin-dependent kinases; kinases that require another protein called cyclin for activity
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protein kinase
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enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a target protein molecule
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substrate
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the target on an enzyme
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nuclear lamins
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group of proteins that underlie the inner surface of the nuclear membrane
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ubiquitin
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tag that marks proteins for degradation
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checkpoints
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check for errors before allowing the cell cycle to progress
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gene amplification
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increase from the normal two copies to hundreds of copies of a gene
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apoptosis
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programmed cell death (PCD); cellular suicide
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aneuploidy
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the loss or gain of one or more chromosome
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hormones
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extra-cellular signals
e.g., steroids, peptides, proteins |
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growth factor
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extracellular hormones and cell-bound signals that stimulate or inhibit cell proliferation
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signal transduction
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activation and inhibition of intracellular targets after growth-factor binding
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