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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
traits
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phyical characteratics that an organism can pass on to its offspring
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Heredity
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the passing of traits from parents to offspring
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genetics
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the study of Heredity
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purebred
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any organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent
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filial
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"son" in Latin. The generation of offspring
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gene
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segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a sepific trait
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allele
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a different form of a gene
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hybrid
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when an organism has two different alleles for the same trait
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dominamt allele
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an allele that always shows up in an organism when present
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recessive allele
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an allele that is masked or hidden when a dominant allele is present
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probability
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the likilehood of a particuler event occuring
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Punnett Square
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chart that shows all the possible alleles from a genetic cross
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Phenotype
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the physical make-up of an organism or its visible traits
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Genotype
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genetic make-up of an organism or its set of alleles
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homozygous
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when an organism has two identical alleles for the same trait
Example~TT,tt |
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heterozygous
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when an organism has two different alleles for the same trait
Example~Tt |
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codominance
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when alleles are neither dominant nor recessive
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incomplete dominance
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is a condition in which two different alleles of a gene, producing different phenptypes, produce a blended phenotype when inherited together
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Walter Sutton
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an American scientist who was studying grasshoppers and discovered that each of its reproducted cells had half the number of chromosomes as its body cells
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crossing over
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when corresponding segments of chromosomes exchange parts and produce allele combinations that are different from either parent
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gamete
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(reproduction cells), (eggs & sperm)
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Meiosis
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in Greek "to dimish", a process in which the chromosomes number is reduced by half to make reproduction cells(eggs & sperm)
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Mitosis
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a process where a cell divides into two daughter cells
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Gregor Mendel
who was he/what did he do/ what did he discover? |
"father of genetics". In the 1850s he researched peaplants. He was a young priest from central Europe
He discovered that traits inheriant to their parents and traits get passed on. One trait can be hidden in 1 generation & resurface in a later generation |
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Nitrogen Bases
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makes up DNA
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genetic code
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genes that control teh production pf proteins based on the order of nitrogen bases
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Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
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states that genes are carried from parent to offspring on chromosomes
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ribosome
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a small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made
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mutation
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any change in the DNA of a gene/chromosome
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substitution
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one nitrogen change for another
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deletion
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one nitrogen base is deleted
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insertion
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one nitrogen base is added
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Protein Synthesis
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the production of proteins that take place on the ribosomes of the cytoplasm
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Amino Acids
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building blocks of protein
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List nitrogen bases (pairs)
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Adenine(A)
with Thymine(T)(if RNA Uracil(U)) Guanine(G) with Cytosine(C) |
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RNA
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play a major role in the production of proteins
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tRNA
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transports amino acids from the ribosome to a growing protein
t=transfer |
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mRNA
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copies a code from DNA and carries it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
m=messenger |
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codon
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a set of 3 nitrogen bases that codes for a sepific amino acids
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chromatin
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one of the identical rods of a chromosome
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P Generation
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parental generation
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F1 Generation
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first filial(offspring)
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F2 Generation
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second filial (offspring)
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chromosome
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a doubled rod of condenced chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic infomation
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how can mutation be harmful, helpful, or not make a difference in regards to an organism
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Harmful~if it reduces the organism's chance for survivial and reproduction. it depends on the organism's enviroment. some dieases are caused by mutations.
helpful~ inprove an organism's chance of survivial and reproduction. |
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describe the role of chromosomes in inhetitance
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the role is that 12 sperm chromosomes joined with 12 egg chromosomes to carry genes to their pffspring
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