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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define: Matter
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Anything that occupies space and has mass
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Define: Element
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Pure substance that can not be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means
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Define: Trace Element
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Element critical to health that makes up less than 0.01% of body mass
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Define: Compound
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Substance containing 2 or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio
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Define: Atom
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Smallest particle of an element
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Define: Proton
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Subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electric charge
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Define: Electron
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Subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electric charge
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Define: Neutron
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Subatomic particle that has no charge (is electrically neutral)
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Define: Nucleus
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In an atom, the central core that contains protons and neutrons
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Define: Atomic Number
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Number of protons in an atom's nucleus; is unique for each element
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Define: Isotope
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One of several forms of an element, each containing the same number of protons in their atoms but a different number of neutrons
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Define: Radioactive Isotope
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Isotope in which the nucleus decays (breaks down) over time, giving off radiation in the form of matter and energy
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Define: Ionic Bond
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Chemical bond that occurs when an atom transfers an electron to another atom
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Define: Ion
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Atom that has become electrically charged as a result of gaining or losing an electron
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Define: Covalent Bond
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Chemical bond that forms when 2 atoms share electrons
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Define: Molecule
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2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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Define: Chemical Reaction
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Breaking of old and formation of new chemical bonds that result in new substances
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Define: Reactant
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Starting material for a chemical reaction
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Define: Product
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Material created as a result of a chemical reaction
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Define: Polar Molecule
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Molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges
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Define: Hydrogen Bond
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Bond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion of another molecule
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Define: Cohesion
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Tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick to one another
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Define: Adhesion
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Attraction between unlike molecules
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Define: Thermal Energy
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Total amount of energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter
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Define: Temperature
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Measure of the average energy of random motion of particles in a substance
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Define: Solution
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Uniform mixture of 2 or more substances
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Define: Solvent
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Substance in a solution that dissolves the other substance and is present in the greater amount
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Define: Solute
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Substance in a solution that is dissolved and is present in a lesser amount
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Define: Aqueous Solution
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Solution in which water is the solvent
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Define: Acid
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Compound that donates H⁺ ions to an aqueous solution and measures less than 7 on the pH scale
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Define: Base
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Compound that removes H⁺ ions from an aqueous solution and that measures more than 7 on the pH scale
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Define: pH Scale
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A range of numbers used to describe how acidic or basic a solution is; ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic)
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Define: Buffer
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Substance that maintains a fairly constant pH in a solution by accepting H⁺ ions when their levels rise and donating H⁺ ions when their levels fall
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What is a chemical formula?
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Tells you the number and types of atoms in a molecule
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What is a structural formula?
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Indicates how atoms in a molecule are linked by bonds
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