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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
functions of the nervous system
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- control
- coordination - supporting cells |
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central nervous system (CNS) consists of:
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- brain
- spinal cord |
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peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of:
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- cranial nerves: group of axons in the head.
- ganglia: cell body - spinal nerves: group of axons in the spine. |
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structure and function of a hollow nerve cord
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- characteristic of a chordate.
- neural crest houses the neural tube. - leads to the central canal of the spinal cord and ventricles of brain. - filled with cerebrospinal fluid to filter blood and wastes, and carry nutrients and hormones. |
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anatomy of CNS
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- gray matter: cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons. more integration.
- white matter: bundled axons with myelin sheaths. more transmission. - location: in the brain and spinal cord. |
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structural cells of the CNS
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-oligodendrocytes: similar to the schwann cells of the PNS. insulate with myelin.
- astrocytes: structural support. regulate ions and neurotransmitters. |
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protection of the CNS
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- bone: skull and vertebrae
- connective tissue layers: meninges are three layered and fill with cerebrospinal fluid to cushion. |
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integration
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- MAIN function of the CNS
- simple integration: reflexes and the spinal cord. - complex integration: brain |
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parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the PNS
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- parasympathetic: calming
- sympathetic: fight or flight |
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regions of the brain (4)
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- brainstem
- cerebellum - diencephalon - cerebrum |
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brainstem
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- consists of: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
- functions: transfer information between PNS, midbrain, and forebrain, homeostasis, movement, control of arousal and sleep. |
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cerebellum
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- part of the hindbrain
- functions: coordinates movements and balance, learning and remembering motor skills. |
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diencephalon
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- hypothalamus: homeostasis, hormone release, biological clock, fight or flight, sexual behaviors, pleasure.
- thalamus: relay center for sensory input going to the cerebrum, regulation of emotion. - pineal gland: secretes melatonin. |
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cerebrum
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- two cerebral hemispheres
- corpus callosum: strip of axons that connects the two hemispheres. |
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cerebral cortex of the brain
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- controls voluntary movement and cognitive functions.
- motor cortex - somatosensory cortex |
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lateralization of the brain
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- right side: dominant in recognition of faces and patterns, spatial relations, nonverbal thinking.
- left side: dominant in math, language and logical operations. |
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memory
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- involve changes in synaptic connections.
- neural plasticity: remodeling and refinement of the nervous system in response to it's own activity. - use it or lose it. |