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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
octet rule
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atoms will lose , gain or share electrons to acheive a noble gas configuration of 8 electrons
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lone pairs
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pairs of valence electrons that r not involved in covalent bond formation
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lewis structure
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a representation of covalent bonding in which shared electron pairs are shown as dots or dashes
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polar bond
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bond where the electrons are shared but not shared equally
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covalent bonds
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bonds that occur between atoms that share electrons
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ionic bonds
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bonds that occur b/w a metal n a nonmetal and involve ions
the electrons r not shared but rather transferred |
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pure covalent bond
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bond w/ neutral atoms held together by eqully shared electrons
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polar covalent bond
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bond thats partially charged atoms r held together by unequally shared electrons
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electronegativity
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the ability of an atom to draw shared electrons (the elctrons in a cov. bond) to itself
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dipole moment
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a quantitative measure of the polarity of a bond
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1. find unique central atom n make bonds surrounding it with other atoms
2. count total # of valence e-'s 3. for each bond subtract 2 frm total # 4. now fill in rest to there octet remember h only needs 2 5.if any now remain put in pairs off central atom 6. if central atom has less than 8 move however many pairs frm other atoms to make multiple bonds |
6 steps to lewis structure
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formal charge
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charge determined by comparing the number of electrons asslciated w/ the isolated atom or in o/ words the valence electrons
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resonance structures
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one of 2 or more lewis structures for the same molecule that cant b repped accurately by one lewis structure
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free radicals
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molecules w/ an odd # of electrons
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solution
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a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances
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solvent
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a substance in a solution that is present in the largest amount
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solute
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the dissolved substance in a soluti0n
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electrolyte
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a substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that conducts electricity
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nonelectrolyte
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a substance taht dissolves in water to yield a solution but does not conduct electricity
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dissociation
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process in which an ionic compound breaks apart into its constituant ions
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ionization
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process in which a molecular compound fprms ions after it dissolves
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base
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a compound that dissolves in wateer to produce hydroxide ions (OH-)
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strong electrolyte
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electrolyte that dissociates completely ex. all water soluble ionic compounds
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weak electrolytes
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compound that produces ions upon dissolving but exists in solution predominantlyy as molecules that r not ionized ex. most acids
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precipitate
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an insoluble solid that separates frm a solution
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precipitation reaction
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chem reaction where a precipitate is formed
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hydration
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process where an ionic substance dissolves in water n the water molecules remove individual ions frm the 3 d solid structure n surround them
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solubility
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the max amt. of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temp
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