Com 1290 - Chapter 4

A system of human communication using a particular form of spoken or written words or other symbols

Spoken or written discussion of a subject

Dictionary definition of the word

Grammar, structure & punctuation

How individuals interpret messages based on the communicative interaction

1. Information

2. Research

3. Academic Fields

4. Humanities & Social Sciences

5. Communication Studies

6. Interpersonal Communication

Communicating about communication (Metamessages involve the meaning beyond the words themselves)

Mindfulness

A word's dictionary or descriptive definition

A subjective definition of a word incorporating a word's emotional impact

To fulfill a need, manipulating and controlling your environment, and expressing your feelings

To influence another's behavior through the use of requests, rules, or persuasion

To help form and maintain relationships

To help create imaginary constructs that don't exist in the real world

To help individuals form their identity or sense of self

Used out of habit without thinking about it

To explore and investigate the world, solve problems, and learn from your discoveries and experiences

To represent objects and ideas and express one's thoughts

1. Sapir-Worf hypothesis

2. Linguistic determinism

3. Linguistic relativity

Suggests that language impacts perceptions by showing a culture's worldview

The perspective that language influences one's thoughts

The view that language contains special characteristics influencing one's emotions

1. A person's name

2. One's affiliation

3. Bias

4. Sexism

5. Racism

Converge: adapting one's communication style to be similar to others

Diverge: Adapting one's communication style to differ from others

A communication system created by dominate members of society (typically men) that subverts or reduces other groups (typically women) via the use of language.

Dominant group: views their own perceptions as reality

Muted group: perception of reality is viewed as less or more fanciful than dominate group's perception

In reality: muted group sees things that exist in society that dominate group can't or won't observe or acknowledge

Official or academic language

Common, everyday language

Specialized or technical language associated with a specific group or professional context that may or may not be understood by outsiders

Informal expressions used in casual conversation specific to certain dialects or geographic regions of the country

Nonstandard language of culture or subculture

Figure of speech whose meaning can't be understood by interpreting individual words literally

Overused expressions that have lost their original meaning

Language that is offensive or lacks good taste

Language showing preference in favor or against a certain point of view, showing prejudice, or is demeaning to others

Manipulation of language to achieve the most positive interpretation of words, to gain political advantage, or to deceive others

Abstract language in which multiple meanings may be present

A way of saying something more politely or less bluntly

Language that gains understanding by comparison

Language showing that people and things change over time

1. Semantic

2. Syntactic

3. Pragmatic