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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Absolute deterrence |
Refers to the effect of having some legal punishment over having no legal punishment |
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Marginal deterrence |
Refers to the effect of increasing the severity, certainty, and/or swiftness of legal punishment Higher for instrumental (planned) crimes |
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General deterrence |
Occurs when people decide not to break the law because they fear legal punishment |
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Specific (individual) deterrence |
Occurs when offenders already punishment for law breaking decide not to commit another crime (recidivism) because they do not want to face legal consequences again. |
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Objective deterrence |
Refers to the impact of actual legal punishment |
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Subjective deterrence |
Refers to the impact of people’s perceptions of the certainty and severity of legal punishment. |
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Certainty |
The likelihood of being arrested |
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Severity |
Whether someone is incarcerated and if so, for how long |
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System capacity argument |
When prisons are too full and there is too much crime |
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Enlightenment |
Age of reason during the 17th and 18th centuries. More scientific understanding of natural and social phenomena that weakened religions influence. |
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Classical school of criminology |
Beccaria believed that people act rationally and with free will (will it cause more pleasure or more pain) Criminal justice system acts to deter crime than to avenge it. |
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Positivism |
Dominate 19th century Forces beyond an individuals control determine human behavior. |
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Rational choice theory (RCT) |
Assumes that potential offenders choose whether to commit crime after calculating the possible rewards and risks. An individual commits crime after deciding the rewards outweigh the risks and vice versus. |
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Instrumental offenses |
Those committed for material gain with some degree of planning More deferrable !! |
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Expressive offenses |
Those committed for emotional reasons and with little or no planning Less deterrable!! |
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Routine activities theory |
Criminal victimization patters 1 motivated offenders 2 attractive targets 3 absence of guardianship Introduced in 1979 by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson Assumes there will always be motivated offenders |
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Situational crime prevention (SCP) |
Reduce exposure to motivated offenders, decrease target suitability, and increase capable guardianship Concern is crime displacement |
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Deterrence theory |
Assumes that potential and actual legal punishment can deter crime. |
