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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A group of disciplines that have a common approach to improving our understanding of how nature works.
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Science
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Name the order of the scientific method
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Observe
Hypothesize Predict Test Modify Theorize |
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Make observations on some aspect of the universe
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Observe
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Make an "educated guess" to explain the observations
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Hypothesize
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Use the hypothesis to predict other aspects of the nature of the universe.
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Predict
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Test the predictions by experiments and/or further observations.
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Test
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If the predictions are not supported, use the experimental results and/or new observations to modify the hypothesis and then repeat steps 3 and 4.
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Modify
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When all the predictions are supported by the experiments and/or new observations the hypothesis becomes a theory. A theory is a conceptual framework that explains exisiting observations and predicts new ones.
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Theorize
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Statistical techniques that provide a means of testing predictions.
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Quantitive methods
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______ _______ are not accepted based on the presitge, convincing powers or charisma of the proponent, but on the results obtained through observations and/or experiments which are reproducible.
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Scientific findings
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A statistical procedure to test whether two samples have a statisticly similar or dissimilar average value.
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Mann-Whitney U test
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HO
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There is no significant difference in the average temperatures of the two samples. Null Hypothesis.
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Name the three natural refrence points
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The north and south poles,
Where the axis of rotation intersects the surface, and the Equator |
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An imaginary circle around the Earth lying midway between the poles.
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Equator
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North-south lines
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Meridians (longitude)
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East-West lines
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Parallels (latitude)
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Coordinates on a map that represent the intersection of a line of latitude and a line of longitude and indicates the ________ _______.
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absolute location
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The angular distance of a point measured either north or south from the equator
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Latitude
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Parallels of latitude are constructed by means of _______ _________ ______ ___ ______ ___ ____ _______.
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angular measurement from the center of the Earth.
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Lines that run North and South from pole to pole, and measure distance in degrees to the East and West of the Prime Meridian.
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Longitude
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Passes through Greenwich,England, and is designated 0 degrees longitude.
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Prime Meridian
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The shape of the land
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topography
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usually average sea level
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the datum
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The mean (average) sea level as of 1929
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National Geodetic Vertical datum of 1929
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Which direction does a contour line point when crossing a stream?
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Upstream (uphill)
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The change in elevation between two adjacent contour lines
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contour interval
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The greater the contour interval, the more ______ the terrain
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rugged
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The steeper the slope, the _______ _______ the contour lines. The flatter the land, the ________ ________ the lines are.
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closer together/ father apart
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Indicates a known elevation point
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benck mark, BM682x/ spot height, 5381x
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Lines on a topographic map that are shown in brown, and show the height of the land
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contour line
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Perpetually migrates over the Earth's surface between 23.5 N and 23.5 S.
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Vertical sun ray
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Regardless of where the Earth is in its orbit, the position of the axis is always parallel to future and past positions.
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parallelism of axis
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23.5 degrees from a line perpendicular to the plane of orbit.
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tilt of the axis
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The curious figure 8-shaped object that normally appears on globes just west of South America in the Pacific ocean.
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analemma
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Why does the vertical sun ray migrate over the Earth's surface?
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- The tilt of the axis
- The revolution of the Earth - The parallelism of the axis during rotation |
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Sunlight or radiant energy from the sun.
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Insolation
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The reflectivity of a material.
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Albedo
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Solar energy that is absorbed. Will heat up materials.
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Absorption
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A measure of the intensity of solar radiation.
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Langley
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A rate of energy production equal to 0.239 cal/sec.
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Watt
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Rate of change of some variable through space or time.
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Gradient
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Lines (like contours) that connect points having the same temperature
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Isotherm
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Name 2 atmospheric and locational factors that might affect the amount of solar radiation reaching a service weather station.
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- Cloud coverage
- Greenhouse gases |
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System of symoblic notation for summarizing weather information from a particular place.
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Station model
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An instrument for measuring temperature.
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Thermometer
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An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure
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Barometer
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An instrument for measuring wind speed.
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Anemometer
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An instrument for measuring atmospheric humidity
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Psychrometer
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Lines connecting points of equal barometric pressure on a weather map.
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Isobar
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Lines connecting points of equal temperature on a weather map
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Isotherm
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Temperature at whcih the air is saturated with moisture.
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Dew point temperature
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A measure of speed.
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Knot
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Name the three important uses of the weather model
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- Demonstrates basic weather frontal structures and airmasses.
- Relates precipitation, wind direction, cloud types, temperatures, and pressures to warm and cold fronts. - Provides a means of predicting weather conditions. |
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The result of weather elements interacting over a long time.
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Climate
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Based on mean annual and monthly temperatures and precipitation.
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Koppen Classification
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Avg. Temp is over 64.4/moist/monsoon/winterdry season
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Tropical Climates
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Potential evaporation is greater than precipitation/ desert/steppe/hot/cold
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Dry Climates
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Avg. temp of coldest month:32-64.4/ Avg. temp of warmest months, over 50/ summer dry/winter dry/moist/hot summers/warm summers/cool summers
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Mesothermal climates
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Avg. temp for coldest month: less than 32. Warmest: greater than 50./very cold winters
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Microthermal climates
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No month w/avg temp above 50/tundra/frost
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Polar climates
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Man-made gases that are a possible cause for global warming
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greenhouse gases
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A graph with both a bar and line graph
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climograph
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Avg. temp for coldest month: less than 32. Warmest: greater than 50./very cold winters
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Microthermal climates
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No month w/avg temp above 50/tundra/frost
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Polar climates
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Man-made gases that are a possible cause for global warming
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greenhouse gases
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A graph with both a bar and line graph
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climograph
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