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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Mineral in bone matrix?

Calcium and phosphate

Calcium and phosphate reacts with calcium hydroxide to from?

Hydroxyapatitie Crystal's

What protein is found in matrix?

Protein fibers collagen

What is name of cytoplasmic extension in lamellae?

Canaliculi

Do osteocyte divide?

No

Two main functions of osteocytes?

1. Maintain protein & mineral content of matrix


2. Help repair damaged bone (osteoprogenitor cells)

Are osteoblasts immature bone cells or mature?

Immature

Osteoid is and produced by ?

Matrix produced by osteoblasts, but not yet calcified to form bone

Osteoprogenitor cell are?

Mesenchymal stem cells that produce osteoblasts

2 places mesenchymal stem cells can be found?

1. Endosteum


2. Inner cellular layer of periosteum

Osteolysis done by what cell?

Osteoclasts brake down bone and release calcium

What's basic unit if compact bone cell?

Osteon

Trabeculae found in what type of bone?

Spongy

What is found between trabeculae matrix space?

Red bone marrow

Periosteum made up of what 2 layers?

1. Outer, fibrous layer


2. Inner, cellular layer

What are perforating fibers?

Collagen fibers of periosteum

Sharpay fibers

Connect with collagen fibers in bone


That attach tendons and ligaments

Endosteum

On inside, it makes sure bone doesnt go into bone

Osteogenesis?

New bone formation

Ossification

The process of replacing other tissue with bone

Two types of ossification?

1. Endochondral ossification


2. Intramembranous ossification

Endochondral ossification originates as ?

Hyaline cartilage

Appositional growth

Compact bone thickened and strengthens long bong with layers of circumference lamellae

Intramembranous ossification is also called?

Dermal ossification

Name 2 dermal bones

Mandible and clavicle

Intramembranous ossification starts with ?

Mesenchymal cells

Intramembranous ossification steps

1. Mesenchymal cells


2. Osteoblasts: secretes osteoid


3. Surrounded osteoblasts turn to osteocyte


4. Osteocyte: secretes calcium = bone

Endochondral ossification steps

1. Mesenchymal cells


2. Chondroblast: secrete cartilage


3. Surrounded chondroblast turn to chondrocytes


4. Chondrocytes turn to osteoblasts


5. Osteoblast then to osteocyte


6. = bone

Vitamin c is required for

Collagen synthesis and stimulation of osteoblasts differentiation

Vitamin A stimulates

Osteoblasts

Hormones stimulates bone growth

1. Growth hormone and thyroxine


2. Estrogens and androgens


3. Calcitonin

Two hormones that are considered antagonists

Calcitonin and parathyroid

Calcitonin

Osteoblasts


1. Increase bone growth


2. Lower calcium concentration in blood


3. Stimulates osteoblasts activity

Parathyroid

Osteoclast


1. Increase calcium concentration in blood


2. Stimulates osteoclast activities


What is most abundant mineral in body

Calcium

Calcium ion are vital to 3 things

Membranes


Neurons


Muscle cells (especially heart cells)

Calcium homeostasis is maintained by what 2 hormone?

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Calcium is stored where, absorbed where, and excreted where?

Bone


Digestive tract


Kidney