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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
study of cities, customs, and artifacts in the ancient world
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archaeology
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to leave one's country to live in another
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emigrant
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a phrase or expression whose meaning cannot be understood in the ordinary sense
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idiom
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a person who studies the history and linguistics of a language
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linguist
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having to do with language or the study of languages
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linguistics
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the study of word forms and how they are affected by their origins
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morphology
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communication that does not use words
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nonverbal
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the branch of linguistics dealing with pronunciation
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phonetics
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the branch of linguistics dealing with meaning
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semantics
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the branch of linguistics dealing with word order
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syntax
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the languages of people or nationalities
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tongues
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the only one of its kind
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unique
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In Genesis 1, the first words were, "And God ___"
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said
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To a certain extent, man created language t/f
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true
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Everyone agrees on the source of language t/f
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false
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Four characteristics that languages have in common are a pattern of ______ , a collection of ____ , a system of word ___________ , and elements of grammar.
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sounds, words, arrangements
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Two elements of grammar that have been a part of all languages since Babel are _____.
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syntax and morphology
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Syntax means ______
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order of words
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Why are the sounds of animals not properly called language?
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Animals cannot acquire any of the four characteristics of language because of physical and mental limitations.
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Learning a second language helps in understanding people of other countries t/f
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true
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Understanding the meaning of gestures in another culture helps to understand the language as well. t/f
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true
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Truly understanding a language involves knowing the characteristics of the people who speak it. t/f
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true
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the ancient language from which indo-european comes from
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Aryan
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Celtic language originally in the Irish areas of British isles
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Breton
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a form of speech that varies from the standard language
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dialect
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having to do with a group of related languages spoken in India, Western Asia, and Europe
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Indo- European
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the great valley located along the Indus River between India and Pakistan
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Indus Valley
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an ancient country that is now Iraq
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Mesopotamia
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a piece of land almost surrounded by water
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peninsula
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to fill again
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replenish
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native of Finland, Norway, Sweden, or Denmark
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Scandinavian
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a high tower with many stories, each one smaller than the one below
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ziggurat
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The term Aryan refers to an ancient _____.
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Language
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A great tower has been uncovered at Ur, an ancient city of _____.
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Mesopotamia
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The Indus people spoke _____.
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Aryan
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The branch of Indus people that conquered India brought with them poetry and prose written in _____.
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Sanskrit
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Today, almost all Europeans speak a(n) _____ tongue.
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Aryan
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About half the world's population speaks a language that belongs what language family?
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Indo-European
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Speakers of the Aryan language came to Eastern Europe from the Tigris-Euphrates area. t/f
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true
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In Southern Europe, the Latin branch of the Aryan-speaking family became what five different, but closely related, languages?
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French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian
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In Western Europe, England, and Scandinavia, the Germanic branch of the Aryan-speaking family became what seven languages?
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Danish, Swedish, English, Norwegian, Icelandic, German, Dutch- Flemish
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Two other branches of the Indo-European language are _______ and Celtic.
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Greek
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The four Celtic languages are Breton, Gaelic, Welsh, and ________ .
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Scots- Gaelic
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letters pronounced with a puff of air, like hot
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aspirate
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the people or language of ancient England
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Briton
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a form of noun, pronoun, or adjective that shows its relation to other words
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case
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ancient people of the British Isles
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Celts
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poet of the fourteenth- century England
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Chaucer
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a group of pastors or priests
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clergy
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one vowel which becomes two sounds when pronounced, as in long a
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diphthongal glide
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a churchman such as a pastor or bishop
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ecclesiastic
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a noun grouping into masculine, feminine, and neuter
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gender
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a period of spelling changes in English, particularly the changing of vowels to diphthongs
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Great Vowel Shift
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one city or country containing many cultures
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melting pot
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the form of verb to indicate fact, doubt, command, etc
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mood
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the form of a word which indicates the singular or plural
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number
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a change in a pronoun or verb to show who is speaking
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person
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a poet of sixteenth- century England
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Shakespeare
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the form of the verb that shows time relation
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tense
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the translator of the Bible in the sixteenth century
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Tyndale
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fourteenth- century translator of the English Bible
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Wycliffe
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Although only one-fourth of the words in the English dictionary are of Germanic origin, about four-fifths of the words we use most often in daily speech are of Germanic origin. t/f
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true
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English conjunctions, relative pronouns, and adverbs are of Latin origin. t/f
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false
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Many English words related to religion are of either Latin or Greek origin. t/f
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true
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Indo-European languages have clearly defined parts of speech. t/f
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true
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One effect of Latin upon Old English syntax was the reliance upon word endings rather than word order. t/f
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true
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Chaucer's writings represented examples of our language in transition from Middle English to Modern English. t/f
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false
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The Normans used only English and French in their literature. t/f
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false
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After the Norman invasion of England, the French-speaking Normans were the overlords, the clergy, and the scholars; the Anglo-Saxons were the subjects. t/f
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true
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Today's long vowels have _____.
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diphthongal glide
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The Great Vowel Shift was a gradual change in the pronunciation of all the _____.
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long vowels
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This Great Vowel Shift brought the long vowel sounds _______ their modern pronunciation.
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closer to
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