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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
As with other animals, insect
digestive system form and function corresponds to .. |
diet
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A ____ gut can
completely fill the body. |
caterpillar’s
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A ____ gut is usually
a straight tube about as long as the body. |
grasshopper's
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An omnivore like a ____ tends
to have have a longer gut compared to an insect that consumes mainly solid plant tissue. |
cockroach
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A blood feeding insect like a ______
usually has a long gut and a very large crop for fast ingestion of a single large meal. |
tsetse fly
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Plant phloem or xylem feeders have long
complicated guts, but ____ |
no storage
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Saliva contains digestive
enzymes, and also: • most blood-feeding insects have ______ and blood thinners • some plant feeders have compounds that form a ______ |
anticoagulants
feeding tube or attachment structure. |
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Salivary enzymes digest food
in the ___, or even prior to _____ This predatory stink bug ingests liquified prey tissue. |
foregut
ingestion |
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Insects that ingest solid food often have a
muscular ________(2 names that mean the same thing) that crushes food before it reaches the midgut. |
gizzard (proventriculus)
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Most digestion, and all
absorption, of food takes place in the ___ |
midgut
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A midgut feature very different from a
vertebrate gut is the ___ ____ found in many insects. |
peritrophic
membrane Electron micrograph showing net-like peritrophic membrane |
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The peritrophic membrane is a
continually secreted |
sheath
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The PM is full of holes large
enough for digestive enzymes and small food molecules. The function varies according to species, but this includes protecting the midgut from _____ (3 things) |
laceration and some
pathogens or poisons. |
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The transition from midgut to hindgut
is marked by the organs of excretion. |
malpigian tubules
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malpighian tubules are ...
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probably ectodemal
in origin, i.e. part of the hindgut |
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The hindgut absorbs water and many of the
non-waste molecules excreted by the ______. Together the two systems maintain _____ of the hemolymph. |
Malpighian tubules
osmoregulation Solutes are removed from the hemolymph by _____ Water follows by _____ |
active transport
osmosis |
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Terrestrial insects conserve
water by excreting __ ___ rather than other common forms of nitrogenous waste. |
uric acid
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Finally the remaining mixture of urine
and feces, often very dry and packaged in ___ ____, is pushed out the anus. The technical term is ___ |
peritrophic membrane
frass |
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This beetle larva hides under an elaborate
arrangement of ____ _____ |
fecal strands
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Plant-liquid feeding bugs have
a liquid bypass system called a _______ |
filter chamber
Excess water and some solutes such as simple sugars are separated from more valuable nutrients such as proteins. |
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As a result many insects such
as aphids constantly defecate a sweet liquid called _____ |
honeydew
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Ants, being predators and usually not
short on protein, often use honeydew as a ______. |
carbohydrate source
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The ____ is somewhat analogous
to the vertebrate liver. For example it is the site of the synthesis and release of ______ molecules. Unlike the liver it is a _____ |
fat body
energy storage molecules diffuse collection of cells. |
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Many insects rely on microbial symbionts
for some essential nutrient. This is especially true of species with a narrow range of food. For example: give 3 examples |
1 Vertebrate blood is deficient in B
vitamins. 2Phloem lacks essential amino acids. 3 Cellulose is very difficult to digest and is a poor source of nitrogen. |
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Often these microbes are
found either in the gut lumen (i.e. protozoans in termites) or in specialized pockets of cells in the fat body or gonads called a ___ or a bacteriome. |
mycetome
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The long evolutionary association
between some insect hosts and bacterial symbionts is shown by: what 3 things |
1Parallel phylogenies
2 transovarial transmission 3 the fact that the two players cannot live independently |
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Essential microbes in the gut
lumen are transferred by ____ |
ingestion
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Some common morphological features of
both female and male internal genitalia are ...3 things |
• Paired clusters of tubes that produce
gametes. • separate ducts lead to a common duct to the outside. • Accessory glands produce gamete nourishment, eggs shells, etc. |
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The egg producing tubes are _____
Each is a kind of assembly line. |
ovarioles.
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Yolk is not added after the
____. Sperm enter through small holes called _____ |
chorion =egg shell
micropyles. |
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During _____ an eggs passes
through a lateral oviduct to the common oviduct (vagina). |
oviposition
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During copulation a female stores sperm
in the _________ |
spermatheca.
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Sperm in the spermatheca
can live a very long time, nourished by secretions from the ______ gland. |
spermathecal
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Recent study suggesting that
females can ____the aging process in stored sperm. |
slow
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The accessory have a variety
of functions, e.g. to ____ the egg to a surface. |
cement
In Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, and ants) they are ____ ____ |
POISON GLANDS
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Some insects have live birth. In the case of
___ ____ a single larva is fed on accessory gland secretions until it is ready to pupate. |
tsetse flies
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an example of function of accessory gland secretion :
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lacewing eggs are on stalks to prevent cannibalism
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___ ___ eggs may
resemble seeds, and fool seed-storing ants. |
walking stick
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The groove on a blow fly egg will trap
a bubble if the egg is submerged. This functions as a ___ |
gill
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where is sperm stored
until copulation? |
seminal vesical
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The sperm-producing tubes are also called
____. The arrangement is rather like an _____. |
follicles
ovariole. |
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Some insect package sperm in a
spermatophore for transfer to the female. This is formed from accessory gland secretions. A complex _______ is associated with a complex ejaculatory duct. |
spermatophore
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Males accessory gland
secretions have lots of other functions, including substantial alteration of female ___ ____ behavior. |
postcopulation
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