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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Glottis
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opening in the oral cavity that leads from the nasopharynx to the larynx and the trachea.
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Epiglottis
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Prevents the food from going into the trachea, it covers the glottis when food is swallowed
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Larynx
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enlarged, oval-shaped region cranial to the trachea that contains the vocal cords
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Trachea
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tube extending from the larynx to the lungs through which air is transported during respiration
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Esophagus
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Muscular passage way that connects the mouth and oral cavity to stomach (lies beneath trachea)
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thymus
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located along the lateral margins of the trachea near the larynx, produces thymosin.
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Thyroid gland
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produces hormones that regulate metabolism and growth located on the ventral surface of the trachea just caudal to the larynx; produces thyroxine and calcitonin.
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Lungs
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receives oxygen (good air) and expels carbon dioxide (depleted air).
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Heart
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pumps blood to the whole body
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Diaphragm
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under the lungs, muscular sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities; allows the thoracic cavity to expand and compress drawing in fresh air when expanding and expelling stale air with each compression.
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liver
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the largest organ in abdominal region, produces bile which is stored in gall bladder, converts glucose to glycogen for storage, detoxifies, absorbed digested compounds
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gall bladder
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located on the underside of the liver, stores bile and releases it into the duodenum.
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stomach
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Produces hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, which aid in the chemical breakdown of food
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Mesentery
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connective membrane that suspends body organs in the abdominal cavity and holds them together.
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pancreas
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Produces digestive enzymes and delivers them through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum, secretes insulin
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Pancreatic duct
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canal through which digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas are transported to the duodenum.
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Common bile duct
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Transports bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum
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Duodenum
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Receives chyme from the stomach along with bile and digestive enzymes from the gallbladder and pancreas, first section of the small intestine
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Jejunum
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middle portion of the small intestine extending from the duodenum to the ileum; primarily responsible for nutrient absorption.
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Ileum
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the third portion of the small intestine extending from the jejunum to the cecum; primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients.
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Adrenal gland
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located on the medial side of each kidney (in the fetal pig), produces hormones which mediate responses to stressful situations and control blood pressure and carbohydrate and protein metabolism.
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Kidneys
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bean shaped organs on either side of spine, filters the blood creating a highly-concentrated metabolic by-product (urine), also responsible for maintaining a homeostatic balance of salts, fluids, and ions within the body (osmoregulation)
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Ureters
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connects kidney to bladder
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Urinary Bladder
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stores urine until it is eliminated from the body through the urogenital opening
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Urethra
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(Male)Receives seminal secretions from testes and accessory glands; also drains excretory products from urinary bladder. (Female) Drains excretory products from urinary bladder (no reproductive function in females)
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Renal Arteries
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carry blood into kidneys
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Renal Veins
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carry blood out of kidneys
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Ovaries
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paired female gonads located caudal to the kidneys, produces eggs and sex hormones in females
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oviducts
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passage from the ovaries to the uterus, receives egg at ovulation; site of fertilization
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Uterus
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uterine body and uterine horns –where implantation of the embryos occur and extends into the cervix (junction between uterus and vagina
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Vagina
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from the cervix – serves as part of the birth canal
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Urogenital opening
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opening of the urethra (in males) or the urogenital sinus (in females) through which urine passes as it is eliminated from the body
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Scrotum
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pouch extending from the caudal region of the male that contains the testes. Allows the temperature of the testes to be maintained at a lower temperature than the abdominal cavity
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Testes
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found between the base of the kidneys and the scrotal sacs, where sperm and sex hormones in males is produced
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Epididymis
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highly coiled system of tubes cupped around each side of the testes that store sperm
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Vas (ductus) deferens
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Transports sperm to urethra
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Penis
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eliminates urine from the body and transfers semen into female reproductive tract
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Seminal Vesicles
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glands of the male reproductive system at the junction between ductus deferens and urethra, secrete alkaline fluids that aid in neutralizing vaginal acidity and contain nutrients to promote sperm motility and viability and hormones to stimulate uterine contractions
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Bulbourethral glands
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lie on each side of urethra these glands produce alkaline secretions that assist in lubrication during intercourse and also aid in neutralizing vaginal acidity
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Pericardial Membrane
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Thin tissue surrounding and protecting the heart
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Ventricle, left & right
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chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart into an artery
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Atrium, left & right
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chamber of the heart that receives blood
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Coronary Arteries
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one of several small arteries located on the surface of the heart that supply freshly-oxygenated blood to the tissue of the heart.
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cranial vena cava
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vein returning deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium of the heart
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caudal vena cava
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vein returning deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium of the heart
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Auricle
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flap-like, outer region covering the cranial portion of each atrium.
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pulmonary artery
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carries deoygenated blood from right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
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Pulmonary veins
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carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
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aorta
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carries blood from the left ventricle to the body
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Ductus arteriosus
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short connection joining the pulmonary trunk with the aorta and allowing a portion of the blood from the pulmonary trunk to enter the aorta instead of flowing to the lungs; present only during fetal development.
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Brachiocephalic vein & trunk (artery)
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major branch of the aorta that supplies blood to the head and upper trunk region of the body.
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Subclavian vein & arteries
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dumps blood directly into the brachiocephalic vein. (which carries blood to the forelimb and upper portion of the body)
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Subscapular vein
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subscapular vein and the axillary vein, both leading from the arm pit, come together to form the subclavian vein
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Axillary veins
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subscapular vein and the axillary vein, both leading from the arm pit, come together to form the subclavian vein
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cephalic vein
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returns blood from each forelimb
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external & internal jugular vein
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lead from the neck region down into the vena cava, along with the internal jugular veins running medially alongside the trachea from the head toward the heart
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common carotid artery
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carry blood to the head and brain
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External iliac veins & arteries
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vessels become the femoral veins and arteries supply and receive blood from the legs.
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hepatic portal vein
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carries blood from the small intestines and pancreas to the liver, where it is filtered before returning to the rest of the body
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Mesenteric arteries & veins
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supply blood to the jejunum, ileum, and colon
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Femoral artery & vein
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vessels supply and receive blood from the legs.
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umbilical arteries
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carry blood from the fetus to the placenta
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umbilical vein
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carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood to the fetus from the fetal side of the placenta
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spleen
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stores new red blood cells ,blood, recycles worn-out red blood cells, and produces lymphocytes.
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anus
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opening of the rectum through which undigested food particles (feces) are eliminated from the body.
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Genital papilla
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small, fleshy projection next to the urogenital opening of the female fetus
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Mammary papilla
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In females, these will develop into the mammary glands and will be used to secrete milk during lactation for the newborn young
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Umbilical cord
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attachment between the maternal placenta and the fetus through which gases, nutrients, and nitrogenous wastes are transported during embryonic development.
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Facial nerve
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nerve that originates from the medulla oblongata and stimulates the facial and digastric muscles, the taste buds, and the salivary glands.
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Mandibular gland
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salivary gland in mammals that releases fluids into the mouth to facilitate swallowing and digestion
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Masseter muscle
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the primary muscle involved in chewing
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Hard palate
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bony plate separating the rostral portion of the oral cavity from the nasopharynx in mammals. Roof of the mouth
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Nasopharynx
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region of the nasal passageway above the soft palate.
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Parotid duct
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small canal leading from the parotid gland to the oral cavity through which the parotid gland releases its salivary enzymes into the mouth.
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Parotid gland
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large, prominent salivary gland located beneath the skin near each ear of the pig. produce secretions that combine in the mouth to produce saliva
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Soft palate
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cartilaginous region of the roof of the mouth that separates the oral cavity from the nasal passageway; located toward the back of the mouth.
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Sublingual gland
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salivary gland located underneath the skin and alongside the tongue of the pig
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Tongue papillae
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bumps near the tip and base of the tongue that help mammals manipulate food in their mouths.
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Cecum
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Small, blind-ended out-pocket demarcating the beginning of the large intestine that has no function in carnivores and omnivores , also known as the appendix.
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Colon
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Responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes; transports feces to the rectum by peristalsis, broken into three sections ascending colon, the transverse colon, and the descending colon, also known as the large intestine
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Rectum
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Final site of water reabsorption and feces dehydration, last section of the large intestine
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