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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Eccles et al |
Reported that children were encouraged by their parents to play with gender-typical toys. |
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Renzetti and Curran |
Found that teachers gave reinforcement such as praising clever boys and neat girls. |
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Bem's sex role inventory |
She made a self report measure of femininity, masculinity, androgyny and undifferentiated gender. |
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Serbin |
Found that androgyny is associated with positive mental health. |
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David Reimer |
The environment did not affect his biological gender. This supports nature > nurture. |
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Dabbs et al |
Found that in prisons, men with the highest testosterone levels tended to commit more violent crimes. |
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Tricker et al |
43 males were given a weekly injection of testosterone or a placebo and no significant differences in aggression were found. |
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Prince et al |
Found that females with Turners syndrome have a shorter than average lifespan. |
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Simpson et al |
Found that testosterone supplements and counselling successfully treated patients with Klinefelter's syndrome who had behavioural and language difficulties. |
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Kohlberg |
Gender identity -2 years Gender stability -4 years Gender consistency -6 years |
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Slaby and Frey |
Found that children with high gender consistency were more likely to observe their samesex model than when they had low gender consistency. |
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Martin and Halverson |
Once a child has established gender identity at 2-3 they start to search the environment for information that encourages the development of a gender schema. +Children under the age of six were more likely to remember images of gender consistent behaviour. |
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Boston and Levy |
Children are better at sequencing the activities that correspond stereotypically to their own gender so they use the association of in groups. |
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Smith and Lloyd |
Babies were dressed half time in boys clothing and half in females and boys were given hammer shaped rattles by adults and girls were given dolls and called pretty. |
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Margaret Mead |
Found that gender roles are culturally determined and there is not a direct biological relationship between sex and gender. |
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Buss |
Found consistent mate preferences. |
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Freeman |
Said that Mead was misled by the participants. |