Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Biology
|
The scientific study of life.
|
|
|
Biosphere (H)
|
Consists of all of the environments on Earth that are inhabited by life. Includes most regions of land; most bodies of water; and the atmosphere. (H)
|
At the top of the levels of Biological Organization.
|
|
Ecosystem (H)
|
Consists of all living things in a particular area, along with all non-living components of the environment with which it interacts, such as soil, water, atmospheric gases, and light. (H)
|
All of these combined make up the biosphere.
|
|
Community (H)
|
The entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem. Includes plants, animals, fungi, and various microorganisms. (H)
|
The level below an ecosystem.
|
|
Populations (H)
|
Consists of all individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area. (H)
|
The level below a community in the Levels of Biological Organization.
|
|
Organisms (H)
|
Individual living things. (H)
|
The level below a population in the Levels of Biological Organization.
|
|
Organs and Organ Systems (H)
|
A body part consisting of two or more tissues. (H)
|
The level below an organism in the Levels of Biological Organization.
|
|
Tissues (H)
|
A group of similar cells, making up an organ. (H)
|
The level below an organ in the Levels of Biological Organization.
|
|
Cells (H)
|
Life's fundamental unit of structure and function. These are combined to make tissues. (H)
|
The level below a tissue in the Levels of Biological Organization.
|
|
Organelles (H)
|
Various functional components that make up cells. (H)
|
The level below a cell in the Levels of Biological Organization.
|
|
Molecules (H)
|
A chemical structure consisting of two or more small chemical units called atoms. (H)
|
The level below an organelle in the Levels of Biological Organization.
|
|
Producers
|
Plants and other photosynthetic organisms that convert light energy to chemical energy.
|
|
|
Consumers
|
Organisms such as animals that feed on producers and other consumers.
|
|
|
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
|
Chromosomes that make up the substance for genes.
|
|
|
Genes
|
Units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring.
|
|
|
Genome
|
The entire "library" of genetic instructions that an organism inherits.
|
|
|
Eukaryotic Cell
|
A cell that is subdivided by internal membranes into various membrane-enclosed organelle, including the chloroplasts.
|
|
|
Cytoplasm
|
The entire region between the nucleus and outer membrane of a cell.
|
|
|
Prokaryotic Cell
|
A cell lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus.
|
|
|
Emergent Properties
|
In the hierarchy of biological order, components appear that are not present at the level below, are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.
|
|
|
Reductionism
|
Reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.
|
|
|
Systems Biology
|
The model of the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems .
|
|
|
High-throughput Technology
|
Meta-data-collection methods that can analyze biological materials very rapidly and produce enormous volumes of data.
|
|
|
Bioinformatics
|
Extracting useful biological information from the enormous, ever-expanding data sets, such as DNA sequences and lists of protein interactions.
|
|
|
Negative Feedback
|
The most common form of regulation, in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process.
|
|
|
Positive Feedback
|
When an end product of a biological process speeds up its production.
|
|
|
Individual Variation
|
When individuals in a population of any species vary in many heritable traits.
(Part of Darwin's theory of Natural Selection) |
|
|
Overproduction and Competition
|
A population of any species has the potential to produce far more offspring than will survive to produce offspring of there own.
(Part of Darwin's theory of Natural Selection) |
|
|
Unequal Reproductive Success
|
Individuals are unequal in there likelihood of surviving and reproducing. Those individuals with heritable traits best suited to the local environment will generally produce a disproportionately large number of healthy fertile offspring.
(Part of Darwin's theory of Natural Selection) |
|
|
Evolutionary Adaption
|
Over the generations, heritable trait the enhance survival and reproductive success tend to increase in frequency among a population's individuals. The population evolves.
(Part of Darwin's theory of Natural Selection) |
|
|
Inquiry
|
The search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions.
|
|
|
Discovery Science
(H) |
Describes natural structures and processes through careful observation and analysis of data.
(H) |
Also called "Descriptive Science."
|
|
Inductive Reasoning
|
Through this types of logic, we derive generalizations based on a large number of specific observations.
|
|
|
Deductive Reasoning
|
Through this type of logic, we extrapolate specific results we expect to be true. Flows from general to specific.
|
|