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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Melosis |
Process of making gametes(4 genetically different cells from one parent cell) occurs in two different phases (I or II) |
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Haploid |
Cell that contains only one copy of chromosome set (Chromosomes in human gametes) |
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Diploid |
Dell with PAIRS of homologous chromosomes (46 chromosomes in humans) |
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Gamete |
Sex Cell (sperm or egg) always haploid, so when combined together, a diploid organism is created |
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Crossing Over |
Occurs in prophase I of meiosis: genes are exchanged between two chromosomes, which leads to genetic diversity (reason why the 4 daughter Cells are genetically different. |
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Gene |
Segment of repeating nucleotides in DNA that codes for trait |
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Allele |
Alternative form of a gene located at a specific point on a chromosome (Hh has two different alleles: H and h) |
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Dominant Trait |
Trait that appears over a recessive form when both are present |
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Recessive Trait |
A trait that does not appear unless the dominant trait is absent (cc represents an individual who has Cystic Fibrosis, which is recessive) |
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Homozygous |
Two identical alleles (HH or hh) homo=same |
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Heterozygous |
Two non identical alleles (HH or hh) hetero=different |
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Carrier |
An individual who has an allele for a recessive trait, but does not express it because a dominant one overrules it (CC is a carrier of Cystic Fibrosis, a recessive condition |
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Genotype |
GENetic make up of a trait (RR, Rr or rr) |
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Phenotype |
PHysical appearance of a trait (round or wrinkled peas) |
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Punnett Square |
A diagram/chart used to predict the outcome of a certain pair of mating individuals based on one trait. (AKA: monohybrid cross) |
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Pedigree |
Graphic diagram showing relationship within a family (circles=females and squares=males shaded=affected by a certain trait and unshaded=not affected) |
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Co-Dominance |
Both alleles show dominance in true form (red plus white=splotchy red and white) |
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Incomplete Dominance |
neither allele is completely dominant over the other, so the blend together (red plus white=pink) |
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Sex-Linked Trait |
Trait Carried on the X chromosome, which causes the trait to appear most often in males when the Y chromosome is incapable of showing dominance over the trait. |
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Nondisjunction |
Failure of chromosomes to seprate; Causes genetic disorder |
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Down Syndrome |
(Trisomy 21) Occurs when an individual has 3 chromosomes on 21st pair instead of 2; caused by NONDISJUNCTION |
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Karyotype |
Pictographic spread of an individual's chromosomes grouped in homologous pairs: all normal humans have 46 |