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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Branching network of streams |
Dendritic pattern |
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Cut through rocks (slot canyons) |
Downcutting |
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A river continues to erode into the highlands |
Headward erosion |
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Rock movement from things like debris flow |
Slope retreat |
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Two streams join together |
Stream capture |
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Downcutting and headward erosion here; where most of the water is; steep gradients |
Collection of a subsystem |
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Moderate to low velocities; erosion and deposition; meander |
Transportation subsystem |
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Very low stream velocities; deposition; meander, levees, delta |
Dispersing system |
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Saltation, rolling, suspension. |
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Which part is the point bar and the cut bank? |
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When the whole river goes off in a new direction |
Avulsion |
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Alluvial fan |
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Erosion occurring until there's not much slope |
Equalibrium profile |
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Open space in a rock |
Porosity |
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Ability of fluids to move through a rock body |
Permeability |
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Which is the zone of saturation and zone of aeration? |
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Rock body in subsurface with good porosity and permeability; water is stored and can be used for use at the surface. |
Aquifer |
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Blows up impermeable rock to allow for permeability |
Fracking |
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No pumping required |
Artesian flow |
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Pumping problems |
Cone of depression, salt water encroachment, surface subsidence and collapse, ground water and pollution |
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Dissolution of rocks |
Karst |
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Where rocks are dissolved away (sinkhole, caverns, tower karst) |
Karst topography |
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Tower karst |
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Where snow and ice enter the glacier system |
Zone of accumulation |
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Where the glacier is flowing down |
Zone of ablation |
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Line of debris from a glacier |
Moraine |
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Medial moraine |
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Lateral and medial moraines |
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Terminal or end moraine |
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Bowl shaped depression on side of a mountain |
Cirque |
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Shallow streams carrying coarse grained material |
Outwash |
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Higher than the main glacier valley |
Hanging valley |
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Random big pieces of rock found in river or ocean |
Dropstones |
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Fine grained sediment deposited in rhythmic layers from melting during the summers |
Varves |
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U shaped valley from glacier |
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Horn left from a glacier |
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Debris left from underneath the glacier |
Ground moraine |
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Deposit of stream flowing under ice |
Esker |
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Depressions left by melting ice |
kettle |
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Blocks of rock sitting atop limestone carried by glacier |
Erratics |
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Streamlined hills of glacial debris |
Drumlin |
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Scars left in rocks from glaciers |
Striations |
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Silt Particles carried miles away from glacier outwash |
Loess |
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Ground subsides underneath glacier then rebounds |
Post glacier rebound |
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3 natural causes of climate change |
Solar cycles, volcanic eruptions, meteorite impacts |
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When waves hit the shoreline at an angle, creating movement up the shore |
Long shore drift |
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Sea stacks |
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Long shore drift into the ocean |
Spit |
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Deposits of sand built along the shoreline |
Barrier islands |
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Piece of bedrock connected to land by deposited sand |
Tombolo |
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Fine mud and silt |
Tidal flat |
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This forms like a fairy ring around a volcano |
Coral reefs |
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Atoll (coral reef) |
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Particles suspended in the air for a time |
Suspension |
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Bouncing, small movement |
Saltation |
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Slow movement by wind |
Creep |
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Shallow salt lake |
Playa |
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Where are deserts located? |
About 30 Deg |
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Depressions in the earth from the wind carrying material away |
Deflation basins |
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Surface covered with gravel |
Lag deposits and desert pavement |
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Faceted surfaces of rocks from sand erosion |
Ventifacts |
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Yardang |
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Just sand |
Sand sheet |
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1 steep side and one gentle side |
Transverse dunes |
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Barchan dunes |
Lonely transverse dunes |
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Wind builds dune from two sides |
Longitudinal/sand dunes |
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Winds converging from multiple directions |
Star dunes |
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Dunes that form near the ocean |
Parabolic dunes |
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Windblown silt |
Loess |
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Guyots or sea mounts |
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Created at the ridges; destroyed at the trenches |
Sea floor spreading |
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Subduction; earthquake focal depths confirmed the idea of recycling the earth's crust |
Benioff zones |
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Plates grow by |
Sea floor spreading |
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Plates destroyed by |
Subduction |
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Mountains built by |
Plate collission |
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Gravity pulling higher surfaces |
Ridge push |
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High density gets pulled down to the earth |
Slab pull |
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A tiny push from the mantle |
Basal drive |
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Made of iron; solid inner core, liquid outercore |
Core |
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Peridotite; mesosphere - solid but plastic |
Mantle |
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Made of granite and basalt; asthenosphere - mostly solid, lithosphere - solid, brittle |
Crust |
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P wave or compression wave |
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S wave or shear wave |
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Surface waves |
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subducting crust that breaks off and joins the continental crust |
Opheolites |
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Hot spot not associated with plate boundaries |
Hawaii |
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Hot spot associated with plate boundaries |
Iceland |
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Continental hotspot |
Yellowstone |
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Strike slip and compression |
Transpression |
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Strike slip and extension |
Transtension |
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Ocean ocean, volcanoes |
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Ocean continent |
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Continent continent |
